^ abcde[k]~[q] and [ɡ]~[ɢ], [l]~[ɫ] only contrast in loan words before back vowels; in native words, [k,ɡ,l] occur before the front vowels (/ɛ/, /i/, /œ/, /ʏ/), while [q,ɢ,ɫ] occur before the back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).
^[ɡ] becomes [ɣ] word-finally, intervocalically, and after obstruents and taps.
^ ab[h] occurs before front vowels (/ɛ/, /ɪ/, /œ/, /æ/, and /ʏ/) while [x] occurs before back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).
^In Schöning, Claus (1998). "Turkmen". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. p. 262. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.
^Only found in Russian loanwords. In Schöning, Claus (1998). "Turkmen". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. p. 261. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.
Recent Comments