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Tirumala Nayaka (r. 1623–1659) was the ruler of Madurai Nayak Dynasty in the 17th century. He ruled Madurai between A.D 1623 and 1659. His contributions are found in the many splendid buildings and temples of Madurai. He belongs to Balija caste.[2] His kingdom was under constant threat from the armies of Bijapur Sultanate and the other neighbouring Muslim kingdoms, which he managed to repulse successfully. His territories comprised much of the old Pandya territories which included Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Madurai districts, Aragalur in southern Tamil Nadu and some territories of the Travancore kingdom.

Tirumala Nayaka was a great patron of art and architecture and the Dravidian architecture evolved into the Madurai style. He rebuilt and renovated a number of old temples of the Pandya period. His palace, known as the Tirumala Nayaka Palace, is a notable architectural masterpiece.

Wars With Mysore

In the early years of Tirumala Nayaka's reign, an invasion of Mysore and counter-invasion of Madura. Recorded in a Mackenzie Manuscript, these conflicts predated Tirumala's later war with the Setupati of Ramnad. While precise dates are elusive, historians like Mr. Rangachari speculate that the Mysore aggression around 1625 may have been instigated by the ambitious Chamaraja Udaiyar, perhaps seeking to assert dominance or rectify past failures. Despite the Mysore general Harasura advance towards Dindigul, but beaten back by Madurai General Ramaiyan of local leaders like Ramaiyyan Ranganna Nayaka the polygar of kannividi the victorious army persuaded the Mysore army and even besieging the Mysore capital. The successful defense earned Ramaiyan great honor from Tirumala Nayaka.[3]

Tirumala Nayaka's Madurai

Throne of Thirumalai Nayaka

Tirumala Nayaka's capital was Madurai. The royal residence had been moved from there to Thiruchirapalli by his predecessor, but Tirumala Nayaka moved it back to Madurai again. The reason for this move is claimed to be due to a dream Tirumala Nayaka had but also stated by historians that Madurai has a long history and continuously civilized through ages and thiruchirapalli is at a threat of immediate attack by Mysore.[4]

Palace Auditorium/Dance Hall

Personal life

Ardent devotee

Tirumala Nayaka ate his breakfast only after the pujas were performed at Srivilliputhur Aandal Temple To get the information that the pujas were completed, the king built mandaps about every five kilometres on the route from Madurai to Srivilliputhur and installed loud bells in them. Each mandap also had a small kitchen. When there was a message to be sent a series of bells rang.[5]

References

  1. ^ Religion in Vijayanagara Empire, by Konduri Sarojini Devi, p.100 mentions: "Granting that Acyuta conferred on Visvanatha the kingship of the Pandya Mandalam as Father Heras believes, it is possible that Visvanatha changed his faith to Vaishnavism to suit the exigencies. According to the kaifiyat of the Karnata Kotikam Kings, "Acyutadeva Maharaya formally crowned Visvanatha Nayadu of the Garikepati family of the Balija caste as the King of Pandya country yielding a revenue of 2 and 1/2 crores of varahas.
  2. ^
  3. ^ R. Sathyanatha Aiyar (1924). History Of The Nayaks Of Madura. p. 119-120.
  4. ^ "History". Welcome to Madurai. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  5. ^ Kavitha, S. S. (4 July 2012). "You have a message". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023.
Tirumala Nayaka
Born: n/a Died: 1659
Regnal titles
Preceded by Nayak King of Madurai
1623-1659 		Succeeded by
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