White Throated Sparrow

Emmanuel Ionovich Quiring (Russian: Эммануил Ионович Квиринг, Ukrainian: Емануіл Йонович Квірінг; 13 September 1888 – 26 November 1937) was a Soviet politician and statesman of Volga German descent. Due to transliteration, he may have spelled his family name as Kviring or Kwiring.

Born into a German family in Friesenthal, in the Samara Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Novolipovka, Sovetsky District, Saratov Oblast, Russia), he became a socialist activist and politician (Socialist-Revolutionary Party from 1906 to 1912, and Bolshevik Party beginning in 1912).

After World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution, he was a leader of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (October 1918 - March 1919, and April 1923 - March 1925). Upon creation of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine in 1918, he became one of the leaders of the Yekaterinoslav wing of the party (Donets-Krivoi Rog wing) standing in opposition to the Kiev wing (Southwestern wing) led by Pyatakov and Skripnik. He was an opponent of the "Ukrainization" policy, so he had to leave Kharkiv for Moscow. He then worked as an economist in the State Planning Committee (Gosplan).

In 1937, he was arrested and executed by the NKVD. In 1956, Kwiring was posthumously rehabilitated by a decision of the USSR Supreme Court.^[1]