Pandemis heparana, the dark fruit-tree tortrix or apple brown tortrix,[2] is a moth of the family Tortricidae.
Distribution
This species can be found in most of Europe, in the eastern Palearctic realm, in the Near East, [3] and in North America.
Description
Pandemis heparana has a wingspan of 16–24 mm.[4] In these moths the basic color of the forewings ranges from yellowish brown to reddish brown, with a reticulate pattern, a dark brown basal fascia, dark brown transversal bands, two triangular spots and brown fringes at the edge. The hindwings are gray-brown with white-yellow fringes. The larva can reach 22 mm and it is pale green.[5][6]
This species is rather similar to Pandemis cerasana.[4]
Biology
These moths have two generations per year (bivoltine).[5] The moth flies from late May to mid-September in western Europe. The larvae are considered a pest of trees and shrubs.[6] They live in a rolled leaf and are polyphagous, feeding on various deciduous trees and shrubs including oak, willow, birch, honeysuckle, sorbus, apple and pear.[4][6] Pupation takes places in the rolled leaves.[7][5]
Gallery
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Larva -
Moth -
Mounted specimen
References
- ^ Tortricidae.com
- ^ Apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana) at Plantwise Knowledge Bank
- ^ Fauna europaea
- ^ a b c UK Moths
- ^ a b c HYPP Zoology
- ^ a b c David V Alford Pests of Fruit Crops: A Colour Handbook
- ^ Lepidoptera of Belgium
External links
Data related to Pandemis heparana at Wikispecies
Media related to Pandemis heparana at Wikimedia Commons- Waarneming.nl (in Dutch)
- Lepidoptera of Belgium
- Lepiforum.de
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