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 Politics portal |
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 2024 to determine the composition of the State Great Khural.[1] The number of parliamentarians is set to increase from 76 to 126, following a constitutional amendment from 2023.
According to preliminary results, the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) secured 35% of the vote and won 68 of the 126 seats.[2]
Background
In the 2020 parliamentary elections the Mongolian People's Party won a supermajority of 62 of the 76 seats and formed a government. However, protests in 2021 led to the resignation of Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh and his cabinet.[3] More protests began in December of 2022 due to a government corruption scheme in relation to coal exports.[4]
In August 2022 the Constitutional Court annulled Article 39, Section 1[5][6][7] of the constitution, which allowed the Prime Minister and members of his cabinet to hold office in the Great Khural.[8] Shortly after the ruling a series of laws where passed that gave parliament the power to amend the constitution and on 31 May 2023 the Great Khural voted to amend Article 21.1 to increase the number of seats in the Great Khural from 76 to 126.[9] It was believed by local political analysts that these constitutional changes, coupled with an enlargement of parliament, would allow for a larger plurality of political parties and loosen the stranglehold that the MPP has held since the fall of the Soviet Union.[9]
Redistricting
On 18 December 2023, the ruling and opposition parties reached a consensus to redraw the electoral districts.[10] Subsequently, the State Great Khural's plenary session passed a resolution on the creation of 2024 regular election constituencies of the State Great Khural, and the determination of the number, territory of the mandates of the constituencies, resulting in the reformation of the electoral districts. In comparison to the previous elections, there was a decrease of the constituencies, bringing the total to 13.[11]
Electoral system
Following the passing of a new electoral law, the elections will be held using a parallel system, with 78 seats elected by multiple non-transferable vote in 13 multi-member constituencies and 48 by closed list proportional representation at the national level with an electoral threshold of 4% for individual parties, 5% for a two-party coalition and 7% for coalitions of three or more parties.[12][13] To qualify for proportional seats, parties and coalitions must also have candidates running in at least half of the seats in each constituency. Party lists must adhere to the zipper system, while the overall gender ratio of candidates for a party must not be greater than 70:30 or less than 30:70. A voter turnout of 50% is required for the result in a constituency to be considered valid, or another round of voting must be held for that constituency.[13][14] Voting was held in 2,198 polling stations nationwide.[15]
Timetable
The following timetable was approved by the General Election Commission (GEC) on January 10:[16]
| 1 March | Deadline for audit organization to set campaign finance limits |
| 24 March | Deadline for parties to submit election platform |
| 28 April | Deadline for parties to submit intention to participate |
| 14–20 May | Parties nominate candidates |
| 10 June | The GEC issues candidate cards[17] |
| 15 June | Deadline for Mongolians residing abroad to register |
| 10–26 June | Election campaign period |
| 20–23 June | Polling days for overseas Mongolians to be conducted in embassies and consular posts |
| 28 June | Polling day (from 7am until 10pm) |
Contesting parties and candidates
The General Election Committee of Mongolia registered a record 1,336 candidates running for the election.[18][19]
| Party | Constituency seats | Party list | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolian People's Party | 78 | 48 | 126 | |
| Democratic Party | 78 | 48 | 126 | |
| HUN Party | 75 | 47 | 122 | |
| National Coalition (MGP, MNDP) | 43 | 24 | 67 | |
| New United Coalition (MTUP, NEW Party) | 53 | 37 | 90 | |
| United Patriots Party | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| The Civic Unity Party | 53 | 4 | 57 | |
| Civil Will–Green Party | 59 | 12 | 71 | |
| People's Majority Governance Party | 44 | 27 | 71 | |
| Republican Party | 39 | 15 | 54 | |
| Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Civil Movement Party | 76 | 48 | 126 | |
| Truth and Right Party | 62 | 18 | 80 | |
| Good Democratic Citizens United Party | 37 | 18 | 55 | |
| Mongol Conservative Party | 22 | 0 | 22 | |
| Freedom Implementing Party | 25 | 5 | 30 | |
| Mongolian Social Democratic Party | 6 | 0 | 6 | |
| Motherland Party | 39 | 4 | 43 | |
| People's Power Party | 52 | 8 | 60 | |
| For the Mongolian People Party | 38 | 4 | 42 | |
| Liberte Party | 43 | 4 | 47 | |
| Independent | 42 | 0 | 42 | |
| Total | 966 | 371 | 1,337 | |
Lawmakers not standing for re-election
Twenty-two sitting members of the State Great Khural did not stand for re-election.[20]
Campaign
Among issues raised during the campaign were corruption, unemployment, inflation and agricultural problems.[21]
Opinion polls
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size |
MPP | DP | MPRP | HUN | NC | Other | Ind. | None | Und./NA/ DK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sant Maral[22] | 23 Apr – 19 May 2024 | 1,000 | 25.1 | 20.5 | – | 5.2 | 0.9 | 9.7 | – | 4.5 | 34.1 |
| MEC Barometer | 3–10 Apr 2024 | 980 | 22 | 17 | – | 10 | 6 | 15 | – | – | 30 |
| Sant Maral | 18 Mar – 16 Apr 2023 | 1,000 | 13.6 | 10.7 | – | 2.3 | – | 1.4 | – | 6.7 | 65.3 |
| Sant Maral | 3 May – 10 Jun 2022 | 1,200 | 21.4 | 10.2 | – | 3.1 | – | 0.3 | – | 3.7 | 61.4 |
| 28 May 2021 | Merger of MPP and MPRP | ||||||||||
| Sant Maral | 1–16 Apr 2021 | 1,210 | 20.7 | 9.7 | 2.4 | 3.6 | – | 0.5 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 58.4 |
| 2020 election | 24 Jun 2020 | – | 44.9 | 24.5 | 8.1 | 5.2 | – | 8.5 | 8.7 | – | – |
Incidents
Death of opposition party member
On 16 June, B. Bayanmunkh, a member of the Democratic Party and a governor of Sant sum, was beaten to death.[23] It was found that perpetrator was an agitator of 1st election district candidate Gürsediin Saikhanbayar.[24] In response, the MPP decided to withdraw Saikhanbayar as a candidate. However, the GEC stated that a candidate cannot be withdrawn once they have been registered, issued an identity card and their name has been entered on the ballot paper.[25][26] Saikhanbayar also stated that he will continue to campaign and compete in the elections.[27]
Results
Preliminary results showed the ruling Mongolia People’s Party won a narrow and reduced majority in the Khural, which allowed Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene to publicly claim victory. The Democratic Party also gained 42 seats, an increase from the 2020 election.[28] The full official results will be officially presented by GEC within 14 days.[29]
 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Constituency | Proportional | Total seats | +/– | |||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
| Mongolian People's Party | 3,619,950 | 38.65 | 50 | 509,482 | 35.01 | 18 | 68 | +6 | |
| Democratic Party | 3,135,988 | 33.48 | 26 | 438,506 | 30.13 | 16 | 42 | +31 | |
| HUN Party | 636,648 | 6.80 | 2 | 151,111 | 10.38 | 6 | 8 | +7 | |
| National Coalition | 291,166 | 3.11 | 0 | 75,196 | 5.17 | 4 | 4 | New | |
| Civil Will–Green Party | 269,582 | 2.88 | 0 | 73,006 | 5.02 | 4 | 4 | +4 | |
| New United Coalition | 255,871 | 2.73 | 0 | 69,682 | 4.79 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Truth and Right Party | 208,717 | 2.23 | 0 | 40,783 | 2.80 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Civil Movement Party | 153,624 | 1.64 | 0 | 20,443 | 1.40 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Republican Party | 116,561 | 1.24 | 0 | 19,635 | 1.35 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| The Civic Unity Party | 86,083 | 0.92 | 0 | 13,733 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| People's Power Party | 106,688 | 1.14 | 0 | 10,614 | 0.73 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Good Democratic Citizens United Party | 42,961 | 0.46 | 0 | 6,104 | 0.42 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Motherland Party | 52,803 | 0.56 | 0 | 5,621 | 0.39 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Liberte Party | 45,730 | 0.49 | 0 | 4,738 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| People's Majority Governance Party | 30,760 | 0.33 | 0 | 3,619 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| For the Mongolian People Party | 35,183 | 0.38 | 0 | 3,461 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party | 232 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,820 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| United Patriots Party | 213 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,168 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Mongolian Social Democratic Party | 7,789 | 0.08 | 0 | 1,531 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Mongol Conservative Party | 21,177 | 0.23 | 0 | 1,485 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Freedom Implementing Party | 26,256 | 0.28 | 0 | 1,450 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Independent | 222,957 | 2.38 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | –1 | |
| Total | 9,366,939 | 100.00 | 78 | 1,455,188 | 100.00 | 48 | 126 | +50 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,089,935 | – | 2,103,034 | – | |||||
| Source: Ikon, Ikon | |||||||||
Incumbents who lost re-election
- ^ Zandanshatar lost his seat in 2012 but was re-elected through a election in 2016
Aftermath
Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene Luvsannamsrai announced early on 29 June that the MPP had won 68 seats, enough for a simple majority in the Great Khural.[32] The Democratic Party, despite falling short of the MPP, saw its largest increase in seats since its inaugural performance in the 1996 elections.[33] Luvsannamsrai also thanked the opposition for their strong showing, stating that it showcased the health of Mongolian democracy, and that “having diverse and contrasting opinions is the essence of democracy.”[33]
With ~54% of the seats in parliament, the election saw the worst result for the MPP since the 2012 election, providing it with a less dominant position in the expanded parliament.[32]
References
- ^ "Parliamentary Elections to Take Place on June 28, 2024". Montsame. 2023-12-28. Archived from the original on 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Mongolia Election 2024: MPP Wins Third Term, But Majority Reduced". Mongolia Weekly. 2024-06-28. Archived from the original on 2024-06-28. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
- ^ Lkhaajav, Bolor (22 January 2021). "Mongolia's Prime Minister Offers Shock Resignation Amid Protests". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- ^ "Mongolians clash with police in protest against inflation and graft". Reuters. 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ "Mongolia Unveils New Pro-Business Cabinet". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ "Mongolia presents new Cabinet of Ministers". m.akipress.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ Б.Анхтуяа (2022-08-30). "Mongolian Cabinet expanded with new Ministers - News.MN". News.MN - The source of news. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ Dierkes, Julian. "Mongolian government under pressure as its foreign policy options are squeezed by Russia's invasion of Ukraine". East Asia Forum. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ a b Odonkhuu, Munkhsaikhan. "Will Recent Constitutional Amendments Promote Political Pluralism in Mongolia?". constitutionnet.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ B., Manlai (18 December 2023). "The MPP has decided to conduct the 2024 parliamentary elections in large regionalized constituencies". ikon. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023.
- ^ B., Bilguun (21 December 2023). "The number of parliamentary constituencies and mandates for the 2024 regular election has been approved". ikon. Archived from the original on 9 April 2024.
- ^ "Some new regulations on parliamentary elections". montsame. 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b Smith, Marissa. "Parliamentary Elections 2024: Yet Another New Election System". Mongolia Focus. University of British Columbia. Archived from the original on 2024-04-06. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
- ^ "Mongolians vote amid anger over corruption, sluggish economy". Al Jazeera. 28 June 2024. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ "Voting is underway in an election in Mongolia for an expanded 126-seat parliament". Associated Press. 28 June 2024. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ "The time schedule of the next 2024 elections of the State Great Khural was approved". General Election Commission (in Mongolian). 2024-01-10. Archived from the original on 2024-06-12. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Adiya, Amar (2024-05-11). "The Black Box of Mongolian Election Nomination Process". Mongolia Weekly. Archived from the original on 2024-05-17. Retrieved 2024-05-17.
- ^ "Mongolia Election Frenzy: Record-Breaking Number of Candidates Battle for Top Spot". Mongolia Weekly. 2024-06-08. Archived from the original on 2024-06-08. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
- ^ "Candidates". ikon. 2024-06-28. Archived from the original on 2024-06-28. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
- ^ "There are 54 members of parliament competing in the new parliament, six of whom have been in power for 16 years". ikon. 2024-06-18. Archived from the original on 2024-06-18. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ "Counting underway in Mongolia's parliamentary election marked by efforts to woo disillusioned voters". Associated Press. 2024-06-28. Archived from the original on 2024-06-27. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
- ^ "Mongolia, Sant Maral poll". x.com. Asia Elects. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Mongolia opposition candidate beaten to death during election campaign". South East China Post. 2024-06-17. Archived from the original on 2024-06-30. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- ^ "General Police Department: It was found that Sant Sum election propagander killed democratic party member". 24tsag.mn. 2024-06-16. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- ^ "MPP made a political decision to withdraw Defense Minister G. Saihanbayar as a candidate". ikon.mn. 2024-06-16. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- ^ "GEC: The name of G. Saikhanbayar cannot be removed from the ballot". ikon.mn. 2024-06-16. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- ^ "G. Saikhanbayar: I will continue my election campaign and compete". ikon.mn. 2024-06-18. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- ^ "Mongolia's governing party wins only a slim majority in parliamentary election, early results show". Associated Press. 2024-06-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-30. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ "Results of the 2024 Regular Election of the State Great Khural to be Announced Within Legitimate Time Period". Montsame. 2024-06-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ "2020 Election: Ruling Mongolian People's Party wins 62 of 76 parliament seats". MONTSAME News Agency. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ ""Өвдөг шороодсон" гишүүн, сайд нар". ikon. 2024-06-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ a b Moritsugu, Ken; Ghosal, Aniruddha. "Mongolia's governing party wins only a slim majority in parliamentary election, early results show". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Preliminary election results show Mongolian People's Party in the lead". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
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