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Saifuddin Hamza Shah (Persian: سیف الدین حمزه شاه, Bengali: সাইফুদ্দীন হামজ়া শাহ) was the fourth Sultan of the first Ilyas dynasty of Bengal reigning from 1410 to 1412.[1]
Early life and background
Hamza was born in the 14th-century into a ruling class Bengali Muslim Sunni family known as the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, in the Bengal Sultanate. His father, Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah, was the grandson of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah – the founder of the ruling dynasty as well as the nation. Hailing from what is now eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan, Hamza's family was of Sistani ancestral origin.
Reign
The reasoning behind the death of Hamza's father, Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah, is contested between a natural death or an assassination plotted by Raja Ganesha, the Hindu zamindar of Bhaturia who gained prominence in the Sultanate court.[2]
Following the death, Hamza assumed the throne with the grand title of "Sultan-us-Salatin", meaning Sultan of Sultans, in 1420 CE with the support of the court nobles. He began minting coins in his name from cities such as Satgaon, Muazzamabad and Firuzabad. Hamza also maintained a good relationship with the Yongle Emperor of Ming China, and had an heir named Muhammad bin Hamzah.[1]
Death
Hamza's reign was interrupted by a nationwide civil war instigated by Raja Ganesha. According to the Egyptian scholars Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Al-Sakhawi who were alive at the time of receiving the news, Sultan Hamza Shah was murdered by his slave Mamluk Shihab in 1412.[1][3][4]
The 20th-century Indian historian R. C. Majumdar however, believes that Shihab was Hamza's son and did not kill Hamza but rather succeeded him after his death.[5]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Taher, MA (2012). "Saifuddin Hamza Shah". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (1969). Inbā’ al-ghumr bi-anbā al-‘umr [News of the immersion of the sons of age in history] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Cairo, United Arab Republic: al-Majlis al-A‘lā li-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyah. p. 496.
- ^ Al-Sakhawi (1966). aḍ-Ḍau’ al-lāmi‘ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsi‘ [The bright light for the people of the ninth century] (in Arabic). Vol. 8. Beirut, Lebanon: Maktabat al-Hayat. p. 280.
- ^ Majumdar, R. C., ed. (1967) [First published 1960]. The Delhi Sultanate. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI (2nd ed.). Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 204. OCLC 664485.
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