The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for Jin Chinese (晉語), one of the Sinitic languages. All vocabulary are based on Jin Chinese in Wubu, Shaanxi Province.[1][2]
^Zero onsets may be pronounced as [v] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
^ abcdGlosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 吴堡方言调查研究 (2014)[2] and 陕西方言集成:榆林卷 (2020).[1]
^[f] may be pronounced as [xu-] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
^[y] may be pronounced as [ʉ] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
^ abUnter certain scenarios, ˨˩˧ (213) is abbreviated to ˨˩ (21) in the beginning of a word. This is not to be confused with the unstressed tone ˨˩ (21) at the end of a word. An unstressed tone takes half the time to pronounce.
^ ab˨˩ (21) is an unstressed tone (neutral tone). Its contour is mistakenly marked as "0" (no contour) in older literature. Under certain scenarios, any tone at the end of a word could turn into an unstressed tone. This is not to be confused with the tone category 陰平 ˨˩˧ (213), which under certain scenarios is abbreviated to ˨˩ (21) in the beginning of a word. An unstressed tone takes half the time to pronounce.[2]
References
^ ab贺雪梅 (2020). "吴堡县篇". In 王建领 (ed.). 陕西方言集成:榆林卷. 商务印书馆. pp. 692–726.
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