Kundali (Sanskrit: कुण्डलि; IAST: Kuṇḍali) or Amritakundalin (अमृतकुण्डलिन्, Amṛtakuṇḍalin), also known in Chinese as Juntuli Mingwang (simplified Chinese: 军荼利明王; traditional Chinese: 軍荼利明王; pinyin: Jūntúlì Míngwáng) and in Japanese as Gundari Myōō (軍荼利明王), is a wrathful deity and dharmapala (protector of the Dharma) in East Asian Esoteric Buddhism.
In Buddhist thought, Amritakundalin is seen as the dispenser of Amrita, the celestial nectar of immortality.[1][2][3] When classified among the Five Wisdom Kings (vidyārāja), fierce incarnations or emissaries of the Five Wisdom Buddhas, he is considered to be the manifestation of Ratnasambhava, one of the five buddhas who is associated with the southern direction.[1][4] When classified among the Eight Wisdom Kings, he is considered to be the manifestation of the bodhisattva Akashagarbha and is associated with the north-west direction.[5] When classified among the Ten Wisdom Kings, he is considered to be the manifestation of Amitabha, another of the Five Wisdom Buddhas.[6][7]
Worship
Bīja and mantra
The bīja or seed syllable used to represent Kundali is huṃ (Devanagari: हुं; Chinese: 吽, pinyin: hōng; rōmaji: un), written in Siddham script.
Kundali's mantra is as follows:
| Sanskrit (romanized) | Traditional Chinese | Pinyin | Hiragana | Japanese (romanized) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oṃ amṛte hūṃ phaṭ | 唵 婀密哩帝 吽 頗吒 | Ǎn ēmìlīdì hōng pōzhā | おん あみりてい うん はった[8] | On amiritei un hatta[8] |
See also
References
Citations
- ^ a b Hackin (1932), pp. 428.
- ^ Frédéric (2002), pp. 268.
- ^ Van Hartingsveldt, Michael (2018-09-21). "With the Wrath of a Serpent: The Propagation of Gundari Myо̄о̄ Iconography". Buddhistdoor Global. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
- ^ "Myō-ō". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
- ^ Howard, Angela F. (March 1999). "The Eight Brilliant Kings of Wisdom of Southwest China". Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics. 35: 92–107. doi:10.1086/RESv35n1ms20167019. S2CID 164236937.
- ^ Bloom, Phillip Emmanual (2013). Descent of the Deities: The Water-Land Retreat and the Transformation of the Visual Culture of Song-Dynasty (960-1279) Buddhism (Thesis). OCLC 864907811. ProQuest 1422026705.[page needed]
- ^ Hong, Tsai-Hsia (2007). The Water-Land Dharma Function Platform ritual and the Great Compassion Repentance ritual (Thesis). OCLC 64281400.[page needed]
- ^ a b Kodama (2009), pp. 115.
Works cited
- Frédéric, Louis (2002) [originally published in 1996]. "Gundari Myō-ō". Japan Encyclopedia. Translated by Rothe, Kathe. Harvard University Press.
- Hackin, Joseph (1932). Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed Description and Explanation of the Mythologies of Asia. London: George G. Harrap & Co.
- Kodama, Giryū (2009). 印と梵字ご利益・功徳事典: 聖なる象徴に表された諸尊の姿と仏の教え (In to bonji goriyaku kudoku jiten: sei naru shōchō ni hyōsareta shoson no sugata to hotoke no oshie). Gakken Publishing. ISBN 978-4-0540-4187-5.
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