Orchidaceae

by | Mar 19, 2018 | Orchidaceae

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4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, also known as p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, is a natural product with the formula HOC6H4CH2CHO. It is a derivative of phenylacetaldehyde and occurs as a white solid at room temperature.[1]

Synthesis

4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde can be synthesized from (L-tyrosine) via a parsley tyrosine decarboxylase.[2]

Occurrence

4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is produced from the metabolism of tyramine by monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes in humans and the tyramine oxidase (tynA) enzyme in Escherichia coli.[3][4] In both species, it is subsequently metabolized into 4-hydroxyphenylacetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes in humans and the phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (feaB) enzyme in E. coli.[3][4][5]

The condensation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and dopamine is a key step in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. These natural products include berberine and morphine.[6]

References

  1. ^ "4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde". PubChem Compound. U.S. National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 3 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019. (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde is an alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde and a member of phenylacetaldehydes. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
  2. ^ Torrens-Spence, Michael P.; Gillaspy, Glenda; Zhao, Bingyu; Harich, Kim; White, Robert H.; Li, Jianyong (11 February 2012). "Biochemical evaluation of a parsley tyrosine decarboxylase results in a novel 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase enzyme". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 418 (2): 211–216. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.124. PMID 22266321.
  3. ^ a b "4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde". Human Metabolome Database – Version 4.0. University of Alberta. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  4. ^ a b Elovaara H, Huusko T, Maksimow M, Elima K, Yegutkin GG, Skurnik M, Dobrindt U, Siitonen A, McPherson MJ, Salmi M, Jalkanen S (2015). "Primary Amine Oxidase of Escherichia coli Is a Metabolic Enzyme that Can Use a Human Leukocyte Molecule as a Substrate". PLOS ONE. 10 (11): e0142367. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1042367E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142367. PMC 4640556. PMID 26556595.
  5. ^ Universal protein resource accession number P80668 at UniProt.
  6. ^ Samanani N, Liscombe DK, Facchini PJ (2004). "Molecular cloning and characterization of norcoclaurine synthase, an enzyme catalyzing the first committed step in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis". Plant Journal. 40 (2): 302–313. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02210.x. PMID 15447655.
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