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Language
Tabaru is a North Halmahera language of Indonesia.
Phonology
Vowels
Tabaru has a simple five vowel system: a, e, i, o, u.[2]
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |
voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
Fricative | f | s | h | |||
Semivowel | j | w | ||||
Lateral | l | |||||
Trill | r |
Syllable structure and stress
On the surface level, Tabaru only allows syllables of the type (C)V. Words with an underlying final consonant add an echo vowel: ngówaka (/ngowak/) ′child′, ókere (/oker/) ′drink′, sárimi (/sarim/) ′paddle′, ódomo (/odom/) ′eat′, pálusu (/palus/) ′answer′. The echo vowel is dropped when a suffix is added: woísene (/woisen/) ′hear′, but woisenoka (/woisen/ + /oka/) ′heard′. Stress regularly falls on the penultimate syllable, but shifts to the antepenultimate when the word takes an echo vowel.[3]: 163
References
- ^ Tabaru at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Fortgens, J. (1928). "Grammatikale Aanteekeningen van het Tabaroesch; Tabaroesche Volksverhalen en Raadsels" [Grammatical Notes of Tabaru; Tabaru Folktales and Riddles]. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). 84 (2/3): 300–544. JSTOR 20770253. doi:10.1163/22134379-90001497 doi:10.1163/22134379-90001498
- ^ Kotynski, Edward A. (1988). "Tabaru phonology and morphology". Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota. 32: 143–216. doi:10.31356/silwp.vol32.06.
West Papuan |
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Extended West Papuan |
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