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A referendum on the military was held in Switzerland on 1 December 1940.^[1] Voters were asked whether they approved of amending articles 103 and 104 of the federal law that detailed the organisation of the Swiss military.^[1] The proposal was rejected by 55.7% of voters.^[1]

The referendum was an optional referendum,^[1] which only required a majority of the vote in favour, as opposed to a mandatory referendum, which required both a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons to be in favour.^[2]