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The Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway or Jingguangshengang high-speed railway from its Chinese name is a high-speed railway corridor of the CRH passenger service, connecting Beijingxi station in Beijing and Futian station in Shenzhen, Guangdong (from there onwards to cross the border to West Kowloon station in Kowloon, Hong Kong through the XRL) in less than nine hours of travel time. It is 2,230 kilometres (1,390 mi) long, and is the only Chinese high-speed railway to cross a border that requires immigration and customs clearance.[1][2][3] The existing, conventional Jingguang railway runs largely parallel to the line.

The line forms part of the Beijing–Harbin, Beijing–Hong Kong (Macau) corridor, based on the "Eight Verticals and Eight Horizontals" railway master plan announced in 2016.

History

Construction started in 2005. The Wuhan–Guangzhou section opened in December 2009, the Guangzhou–Shenzhen section opened in December 2011, the Zhengzhou–Wuhan section opened in September 2012, and the Beijing–Zhengzhou section was opened in December 2012. The 36-kilometre (22 mi) cross-border Shenzhen–Hong Kong section opened on 23 September 2018.[4] The line is the world's longest high-speed rail route.[5] The high speed rail line cuts travel time by more than half.[5] The line fully opened on 23 September 2018.[6]

Through-services with other high-speed lines

Besides trains running between Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the railway also has direct service with other connecting high-speed lines. The direct Xi'an–Zhengzhou–Wuhan–Guangzhou–Shenzhen service started simultaneously with the opening of the Zhengzhou–Wuhan section in September 2012, as well as the direct interline service Xi'an-Zhengzhou–Beijing, Taiyuan–Shijiazhuang–Guangzhou, Taiyuan–Shijiazhuang–Wuhan–Guangzhou.[7][8] The Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway have through operation to Guangzhou South albeit limited due to track situation in Shenzhen North Station.

Connections to local transport

To minimize disruptions to existing urban areas and provide large curve radii, the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway, similar to other such railways in China, was constructed in an alignment somewhat different from the existing Beijing–Guangzhou Railway. In most cities served by the high-speed railway, its trains stop at stations built specifically for the new line, which are away from the urban core and the city's conventional railway station. In some of the larger cities, it may take more than an hour to ride a bus or taxi from the city centre to the high-speed rail station.[9] One notable exception is Shijiazhuang station, which is shared with conventional trains and located in city centre (but moved south from the original). It is also possible for high-speed trains to stop at Zhengzhou station and Hankou station, which shared the characteristics of Shijiazhuang Station, but unlike Shijiazhuang they are not on main track of the Beijing-Guangzhou High Speed line.

To alleviate this most of the cities involved have improved the public transit access to the new high-speed rail stations, or plan to do so. Guangzhounan station is already served by Guangzhou Metro (Line 2) and Beijingxi station served by Beijing Metro (Line 7, 9). Wuhan station is served by Wuhan Metro's Line 4 and Zhengzhoudong station by Zhengzhou Metro's Line 1, both of which opened in December 2013, and Shijiazhuang station by Shijiazhuang Metro's Line 3, opened in June 2017.

Transfers to other rail lines

Guangzhounan station and Wuhan station are designed as hubs for several high-speed railway (HSR) lines. Frequent service to Zhuhai is available at Guangzhou South, while a connection to Yichang can be made at Wuhan.

Although the Beijing–Guangzhou HSR largely parallels the older conventional Beijing–Guangzhou line, most of the HSR stations are located away from the local conventional train stations. Therefore, direct transfer to conventional (not high-speed) trains is possible only at a few stations along the route. Among them are Beijing West (which is one of the nation's main passenger railway hubs), Shijiazhuang, and Guangzhoubei.

Immigration clearance

As Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong portion of the high speed rail passes through an immigration control point. The West Kowloon Terminus was designed to allow both Mainland and Hong Kong officials to conduct immigration control in Hong Kong,[10] but for several years there was an unclear constitutional issue as Mainland officials were thought not to have the constitutional authority to enforce Mainland law in Hong Kong.[11][12] In November 2017, the Government of Hong Kong resolved this by signing the Co-operation Arrangement for Implementing Co-location Arrangement, designating a portion of West Kowloon railway station as the "Mainland Port Area" that would be subject to Mainland law.[13] Travelers coming from Hong Kong therefore pass through Mainland immigration and customs clearance before boarding their trains, allowing direct service to the entire Mainland high-speed rail network without having to stop at the Mainland-Hong Kong border.[14]

Sections

Operational lines in the table below are marked with green background.

Section Description Designed
speed
(km/h)
 Length
(km)
 Construction
start date
 Open date
 Top
trip speed
Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway
 HSR Corridor connecting North with Central China, consisting of four segments between Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. 350 2230 2005-09-01 2012-12-26 See
below
Beijing–Shijiazhuang section
(Beijing–Shijiazhuang high-speed railway) 		HSR from Beijingxi (further: Fengtai) to Shijiazhuang 350 281 2008-10-08 2012-12-26[15] -
Shijiazhuang–Wuhan section
(Shijiazhuang–Wuhan high-speed railway)
 HSR from Shijiazhuang to Wuhan via Zhengzhoudong 350 838 2008-10-15 2012-09-28
(ZZD–WH)
2012-12-26
(SJZ–ZZD) 		-
Wuhan–Guangzhou Section
(Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway)
 HSR from Wuhan to Guangzhounan via Changshanan 350 968 2005-09-01 2009-12-26

Station list

Major railway terminals are in bold. Medium-size stations that trains can regularly terminate are in Italics

Station
name 		Chinese Total
distance
(km) 		Travel time Rail
transfers* 		Metro and Commuter rail
transfers* 		Platforms Tracks served
by platform 		Location
250 km/h 350 km/h Prefecture/
City 		Province/
Territory
Beijing West 挗äșŹè„ż 0 0:00
(D2031)		 0:00
(G71)		 Beijing–Guangzhou railway
Beijing–Kowloon railway
Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway
Beijing underground cross-city railway		 Beijing Subway  7  9 
Sub-Central		 Beijing Beijing
Zhuozhou East æ¶żć·žäžœ
æ¶żć·žæ±		 59 0:25
(D2021)[failed verification][16]		 0:25
(G527)[17]		 Baoding Hebei
Gaobeidian East é«˜çą‘ćș—äžœ
é«˜çą‘ćș—東		 84 0:30
(D2031)[failed verification][18]		 0:30
(G567)[19]
Baoding East 保漚侜
äżćźšæ±		 139 0:54
(D2031)		 0:41
(G71)[20]
Dingzhou East ćźšć·žäžœ
ćźšć·žæ±		 200 2:13
(D2021)		 1:01
(G567)
Zhengding Airport æ­Łćźšæœșćœș
æ­Łćźšæ©Ÿć Ž		 244 1:38
(D2031)		 1:17
(G6701)[21]		 Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang çŸłćź¶ćș„
çŸłćź¶èŽŠ		 280 1:54
(D2031)		 1:00
(G69)		 Beijing–Guangzhou railway
Shijiazhuang–Dezhou railway
Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan railway
Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan passenger railway		 Shijiazhuang Metro  2   3 
Gaoyi West é«˜é‚‘è„ż 323 2:12
(D2031)		 1:38
(G563)[22]
Xingtai East 邱揰侜
é‚ąć°æ±		 384 2:39
(D2031)		 1:58
(G563)		 Xingtai
Handan East 邯郾侜
邯é„Č東		 437 2:58
(D2031)		 2:01
(G71)		 Handan
Anyang East 漉阳侜
ćź‰é™œæ±		 496 3:17
(D2031)		 2:28
(G567)		 Anyang Henan
Hebi East éč€ćŁäžœ
é¶ŽćŁæ±		 542 3:54
(D2031)		 2:31
(G527)		 Hebi
Xinxiang East 新äčĄäžœ
新鄉東		 595 4:12
(D2031)		 2:41
(G71)		 Xinxiang
Zhengzhou East éƒ‘ć·žäžœ
é„­ć·žæ±		 663 4:44
(D2031)		 2:11
(G97)		 Xuzhou–Lanzhou high-speed railway
Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway
Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway		 Zhengzhou Metro  1   5  Zhengzhou
Xuchang East èźžæ˜Œäžœ
蚱昌東		 744 5:09
(D2031)		 3:31
(G527)		 Xuchang
Luohe West æŒŻæČłè„ż 799 5:38
(D2031)		 3:50
(G503)[23]		 Luohe
Zhumadian West 驻驏ćș—è„ż
駐銏ćș—è„ż		 864 5:58
(D2031)		 3:53
(G71)		 Zhumadian
Minggang East æ˜ŽæžŻäžœ
æ˜ŽæžŻæ±		 917 6:17
(D2031)		 Xinyang
Xinyang East 信阳侜
äżĄé™œæ±		 960 6:32
(D2031)		 4:22
(G527)
Xiaogan North ć­æ„ŸćŒ— 1024 6:52
(D2031)		 4:33
(G71)		 Xiaogan Hubei
Hengdian East æšȘćș—äžœ
æ©«ćș—東		 Wuhan
Wuhan 歊汉
æ­ŠæŒą		 1136 7:25
(D2031)		 3:48
(G65)		 Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway
Wuhan–Jiujiang passenger railway
Wuhan–Huangshi intercity railway
Wuhan–Huanggang intercity railway 		 metro   4 
Wulongquan East äčŒéŸ™æł‰äžœ
çƒéŸæł‰æ±
Xianning North 撾漁挗
撾毧挗		 1221 7:49
(D2103)[24]		 5:32
(G501)[25]		 Xianning
Chibi North è”€ćŁćŒ— 1264 8:10
(D2103)		 5:46
(C503)
Yueyang East ćȳ阳侜
ćČłćŁæ±		 1346 8:33
(D2103)		 5:58
(G71)		 Yueyang Hunan
Miluo East 汚眗䞜
汚矅東		 1416 8:59
(D2103)		 6:19
(G501)
Changsha South 长æș捗
長æș捗		 1484 9:25
(D2103)		 5:09
(G811)		 Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway Changsha Metro  2   4 
 Maglev 		 Changsha
Zhuzhou West æ ȘæŽČè„ż 1524 9:46
(D2103)		 Zhuzhou
Hengshan West èĄĄć±±è„ż 1591 10:10
(D2103)		 7:07
(G71)		 Hengyang
Hengyang East èĄĄé˜łäžœ
èĄĄé™œæ±		 1632 10:28
(D2103)		 7:22
(G71)
Leiyang West è€’é˜łè„ż
è€’é™œè„ż		 1687 10:53
(D2103)		 7:41
(G71)
Chenzhou West éƒŽć·žè„ż 1766 11:22
(D2103)		 8:09
(G71)		 Chenzhou
Lechang East äčæ˜Œäžœ
暂昌東		 Shaoguan Guangdong
Shaoguan éŸ¶ć…ł
韶關		 1896 11:55
(D2103)		 8:29
(G81)[26]
Yingde West è‹±ćŸ·è„ż 1966 12:21
(D2103)		 Qingyuan
Qingyuan æž…èżœ
枅遠		 2023 12:59
(D2103)
Guangzhou North ćčżć·žćŒ—
ć»Łć·žćŒ—		 2060 13:13
(D2103)		 Guangzhou Metro  9  Guangzhou
Guangzhou South ćčżć·žć—
ć»Łć·žć—		 2105 13:55
(D2103)		 7:16
(G79)		 Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway
Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link
Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway
Nanning–Guangzhou high-speed railway		 Guangzhou Metro  2  7  22 
Foshan Metro  2 

See also

References

  1. ^ "Public Consultation on the Assignment of the Available Frequency Spectrum" (PDF). OFTA. 11 January 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  2. ^ "Hong Kong Update - Invest Hong Kong celebrates new milestone". hketotoronto.gov.hk. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  3. ^ "Page 11 - Hong Kong Foreign Direct Investment 2012". Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  4. ^ "Launch of Hong Kong-China high-speed rail link goes smoothly, but fears remain". 23 September 2018.
  5. ^ a b "China opens world's longest high-speed rail route". BBC. 25 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  6. ^ "Travel from Hong Kong to China with its 1st high-speed railway". Rappler. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  7. ^ äșŹćčżé«˜é“æ‹Ÿ12æœˆäž‹æ—ŹćŒ€é€šć±Šæ—¶ćčżć·žç›ŽèŸŸćŒ—äșŹæœ€ćż«çșŠ8ć°æ—¶ïŒŒäșŒç­‰ćș§ç„šä»·äŒ°èźĄèż‘ćƒć…ƒ Archived 6 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Xinxi Shibao (äżĄæŻæ—¶æŠ„), 2012-11-21.
  8. ^ "é“è·Żćźąæˆ·æœćŠĄäž­ćżƒ". 12306.cn.
  9. ^ Hung, Wing-tat; Brunello, Lara; Bunker, Jonathan, Critical Issues of High Speed Rail Development in China (PDF), p. 4[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ "I heart HK series: Express Rail Link, West Kowloon Terminus Hong Kong | little BIG design lab". Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  11. ^ "What's Planned – Hong Kong Extras3". hongkongextras.com.
  12. ^ "Customs wrangles a stumbling block to rail link - Nation - China Daily eClips". Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  13. ^ "HKSAR and the Mainland signed the Co-operation Arrangement for the XRL co-location arrangement (with photos/video)". info.gov.hk. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  14. ^ "CE welcomes passage of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (Co-location) Bill". info.gov.hk. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  15. ^ äșŹçŸłé«˜é“ 26旄有望通蜊 Archived 26 January 2013 at archive.today
  16. ^ D2021èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  17. ^ G527èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  18. ^ D2031èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  19. ^ G567èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  20. ^ G71èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  21. ^ G6701èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  22. ^ G563èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  23. ^ G503èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  24. ^ D2103èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  25. ^ G501èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  26. ^ G81èœŠæŹĄæŸ„èŻą. 火蜊焚眑. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.

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