Religion in Guinea-Bissau (2019 survey)[1]

  Christianity (57%)
  Islam (36%)
  Traditional faiths (3%)
  No religion (3%)
  Other faiths (1%)
Cathedral of Our Lady of Candelária in the capital Bissau

Christianity is the largest religion in Guinea-Bissau with significant communities of the adherents of Islam and Traditional African religions.

According to a comprehensive 2019 World Bank survey, 57% of the population is Christian, 36% Muslim, 3% traditionalist, while 3% has no religion and 1% belongs to other faiths.[2][3] Guinea-Bissau is a secular state and the country's constitution guarantees freedom of religion. Various missionary groups operate freely throughout the nation.[4][5]

Religions

Christians are mostly found along the coastal regions, and belong to the Roman Catholic Church (including Portuguese Bissau-Guineans) and various Protestant denominations.[6] In 2017, Sunni Islam, including that of Sufi-oriented, were most concentrated in the northern and northeastern parts of the country, while practitioners of traditional indigenous religious beliefs generally live in all but the northern parts of the country.[7]

Christianity

Christianity arrived in Guinea-Bissau with Portuguese traders and missionaries in the 15th century, but only in its coastal regions.[8] Active missionary efforts started only in the 20th century, and in 1977 it became a diocese of the Holy See.[8] Protestant mission arrived in Guinea-Bissau in 1939, and Evangelical Churches have been active through the second half of the 20th century. The Christian missions became a target of destruction during the 1999 civil war in Guinea-Bissau.[8]

According to the 2019 and 1991 censuses of Guinea-Bissau, the practice of Christianity has grown from 15% in 1991 to 57% of the total population in 2009; however, Christianity remains concentrated in the coastal regions of the country.[9] Despite the majority of Christian community in Guinea-Bissau belongs to Roman Catholicism recent years there is a significant increase in Protestants and Evangelicals, especially between animist population, because of their missionary work. It is estimated that by 2050 there will be more than 60% Christians in the country as the result of many indigenous people converting to Christianity.[10]

Islam

A mosque in Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau.

Most of Guinea-Bissau's Muslims belong to Sunni Islam and follow Sufi orders.[11] Islam is practiced most widely by the Fula, Soninke, Susu and Mandinka ethnic groups, and Muslims generally live in the north and northeast.[7][8]

Islam arrived in Guinea-Bissau before the 12th-century with trans-Saharan traders.[12] Initial growth of Islam was limited to the rulers and trading elites of Guinea-Bissau. Major expansion of Islam among the mainstream happened in the 18th and 19th centuries, after the invasion by Biafada kingdom, and the waves of Fulani jihads that arrived from the north led by Musa Ibrahim, Ibrahim Sori, El Hadj Umar Tall and Coli Tenguella.[12]

Freedom of religion

The Constitution sees freedom of conscience and religion as inviolable and provides for freedom of worship.[13]

In 2023, the country scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5bfee58e-abcd-5eca-87ef-5b56076382d1/content&ved=2ahUKEwjM48TG_-iCAxXSjqQKHQDECVgQFnoECCgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0fI5yosicBe4P3HctJZgHr
  2. ^ https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5bfee58e-abcd-5eca-87ef-5b56076382d1/content&ved=2ahUKEwjM48TG_-iCAxXSjqQKHQDECVgQFnoECCgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0fI5yosicBe4P3HctJZgHr
  3. ^ "Religions in Guinea Bissau | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  4. ^ "Africa :: GUINEA-BISSAU". CIA The World Factbook. 14 November 2022.
  5. ^ Meanwhile, the US State Department mentions that estimates vary greatly and cites the Pew Forum data (2020) of 46% Muslim, 31% indigenous religious practices, and 19% Christian"US State Dept 2022 report on Guinea-Bissau". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  6. ^ "US State Dept 2022 report on Guinea-Bissau". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  7. ^ a b "2017 report on Guinea-Bissau". International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. "United States Department of State. Retrieved 31 March 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ a b c d Erwin Fahlbusch (1999). The Encyclopedia of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 487–488. ISBN 978-90-04-11695-5.
  9. ^ Peter Karibe Mendy; Richard Lobban Jr. (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 4th Edition. Scarecrow. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-0-8108-8027-6.
  10. ^ "Religious Beliefs In Guinea-Bissau". WorldAtlas. 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  11. ^ "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity" (PDF). Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. August 9, 2012. p. 31. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
  12. ^ a b Peter Karibe Mendy; Richard Lobban Jr. (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 4th Edition. Scarecrow. pp. 435–436. ISBN 978-0-8108-8027-6.
  13. ^ "US State Dept 2022 report on Guinea-Bissau". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  14. ^ Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-03