Since the Supreme Court of the United States was established in 1789, 114 persons have served on the court. Of these, several also served in the United States Congress, either before or after their tenure as a justice. Six were incumbent members of the Senate at the time of their appointment,[1] while one—James Moore Wayne—was an incumbent member of the House of Representatives. The others had previously served in the Senate or the House or both. Additionally, one justice—David Davis—resigned from the Supreme Court to serve in the Senate.

Senators

There have been 14 Supreme Court justices with prior service in the Senate, and one with subsequent Senate service.[2]

Image Senator State Senate service Supreme Court service I/F Appointing president
BLACK, HUGO L. SENATOR LCCN2016862550 (cropped).jpg Hugo Black Alabama 1927–1937 1937–1971 I Roosevelt, F. D.
Harold Hitz Burton as a Senator (cropped).jpg Harold Hitz Burton Ohio 1941–1945 1945–1958 I Truman
Senator James F Byrnes.jpg James F. Byrnes[a] South Carolina 1931–1941 1941–1942 I Roosevelt, F. D.
Oliver Ellsworth engraving.png Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut 1789–1796 1796–1800 I Washington
Senatorwhite.jpg Edward Douglass White Louisiana 1891–1894 1894–1921 I Cleveland
LeviWoodbury.png Levi Woodbury New Hampshire 1825–1831;
1841–1845		 1845–1851 I Polk
David Davis cph.3b19725.jpg David Davis Illinois 1877–1883 1862–1877 •[b] Lincoln
Justice Howell Jackson2.jpg Howell Edmunds Jackson Tennessee 1881–1886 1893–1895 F Harrison, B.
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar.png Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar[a] Mississippi 1877–1885 1888–1893 F Cleveland
Francis Bicknell Carpenter - Salmon P. Chase - NPG.69.47 - National Portrait Gallery (cropped1).jpg Salmon P. Chase Ohio 1849–1855;
1861–1861		 1864–1873 F Lincoln
TStanleyMatthews.jpg Stanley Matthews Ohio 1877–1879 1881–1889 F Garfield
John McKinley.jpg John McKinley[a] Alabama 1826–1831;
1837–1837		 1838–1852 F Van Buren
Shermanminton.jpg Sherman Minton Indiana 1935–1941 1949–1956 F Truman
Senator George Sutherland 2.jpg George Sutherland[a] Utah 1905–1917 1922–1938 F Harding
William Paterson (1745-1806).jpg William Paterson New Jersey 1789–1790 1793–1806 F Washington

Representatives

There have been 17 Supreme Court justices with prior service in the House of Representatives.[3]

Image Representative District House service Supreme Court service I/F Appointing president
Henry baldwin (justice).jpg Henry Baldwin PA 14 1817–1822 1830–1844 F Jackson
PPBarbour.jpg Philip P. Barbour[c] VA 11 1814–1825;
1827–1830		 1836–1841 F Jackson
BYRNES, JAMES F. HONORABLE LCCN2016858041.jpg James F. Byrnes[d] SC 2 1911–1925 1941–1942 F Roosevelt, F. D.
NClifford.jpg Nathan Clifford ME 1 1839–1843 1858–1881 F Buchanan
GabrielDuvall.jpg Gabriel Duvall MD 2 1794–1796 1811–1835 F Madison
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar.png Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar[d] MS 1 1857–1860;
1873–1877		 1888–1893 F Cleveland
JohnMarshall.jpg John Marshall VA 13 1799–1800 1801–1835 F Adams, J.
Joseph McKenna (assoc justice).jpg Joseph McKenna CA 3 1885–1891 1898–1925 F McKinley
John McKinley.jpg John McKinley[d] AL 2 1833–1835 1838–1852 F Van Buren
JohnMcLean.jpg John McLean OH 1 1813–1816 1830–1861 F Jackson
Moody, William Henry.jpg William Henry Moody MA 6 1895–1902 1906–1910 F Roosevelt, T.
Mahlon Pitney for Congress button.jpg Mahlon Pitney NJ 4 1895–1899 1912–1922 F Taft
Joseph Story by Stuart, Gilbert.jpg Joseph Story MA 2 1808–1809 1812–1845 F Madison
William Strong judge - Brady-Handy.jpg William Strong PA 9 1847–1851 1870–1880 F Grant
Senator George Sutherland 2.jpg George Sutherland[d] UT 1 1901–1903 1922–1938 F Harding
Frederick Vinson portrait.png Fred M. Vinson KY 9 1924–1929;
1931–1938		 1946–1953 F Truman
James Moore Wayne - Brady-Handy.jpg James Moore Wayne GA AL 1829–1835 1835–1867 I Jackson

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Also served in the U.S. House of Representatives
  2. ^ Became a senator after service on the Supreme Court; the only justice to resign from the Court to serve in the U.S. Congress
  3. ^ Served as Speaker of the House during the 17th Congress (1821–23)
  4. ^ a b c d Also served in the U.S. Senate

See also

References

  1. ^ O'Brien, David M. (2003). Storm Center: The Supreme Court in American Politics (6th ed.). W. W. Norton. p. 46. ISBN 0393978966.
  2. ^ "Senators Who Served on the U.S. Supreme Court". Washington, D.C.: Secretary of the Senate. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  3. ^ "House Members Who Became U.S. Supreme Court Justices". Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian and the Clerk of the House's Office of Art and Archives. Retrieved February 6, 2018.