Moma (also Kulawi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Historically, it is derived from the Kaili dialect cluster, but is divergent due to strong influence from Uma.[1][2]

Phonology

The sound inventory of Moma below had been described by Adriani and Esser (1939).[2]

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive plain voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d ɟ g
prenasalized voiceless ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk
voiced ᵐb ⁿd
Fricative β h
Trill r
Approximant l j
Vowels
Front Back
Close i u
Close-Mid e o
Open a

Like many other languages on Sulawesi, Moma has only open syllables.[3]

Grammar

Moma has the following pronoun sets:[2]

Moma personal pronouns
Independent Enclitic Prefixed Suffixed
First-person singular aku -a ku- -ku
Second-person singular iko -ko nu- -mu
Third-person singular hia -i na- -na
First-person plural (inclusive) kita -ta ta- -ta
First-person plural (exclusive) kami -kami ki- -kami
Second-person plural komi -komi ni- -mi
Third-person plural hira -ra ra- -ra

References

  1. ^ a b Moma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b c Adriani, N.; Esser, S. J. (1939). Koelawische Taalstudie [Kulawi Language Study]. Bibliotheca Celebica, I, II, III (in Dutch). Bandoeng: A. C. Nix. (3 vols).
  3. ^ Sneddon, J. N. (1993). "The Drift Towards Final Open Syllables in Sulawesi Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (1): 1–44. doi:10.2307/3623095. JSTOR 3623095.

Further reading

  • Tohama, Agus; Pebolo, Fanda; Bokido, Hengki; Oruh, Janet M.; Coombs, Jonathan M.; Goronda, Noni; Tudju, Rusdin; Bokada, Semuel; Coombs, Veronica J.; Mua, Viktor; Jore, Yusak Pamei (2015). Kamus Saku Bahasa Moma-Kulawi / Bahasa Indonesia / Bahasa Inggris [Moma-Kulawi / Indonesian / English Pocket Dictionary]. Palu, Indonesia: SIL International Indonesia.
  • Deni Karsana; Tamrin; Wahida (2012). Kamus Bahasa Indonesia–Kulawi [Indonesian–Kulawi Dictionary] (in Indonesian). Makassar: De Lamacca. ISBN 978-602-263-001-2 – via repositori.kemdikbud.go.id.