A wight (Old English: wiht) is a mythical sentient being, often undead.[1][2]
In its original usage, the word wight described a living human being,[3] but has come to be used within fantasy to describe certain immortal beings. An example of this usage in English is in William Morris's translation of the Grettis Saga, where haugbui is translated as "barrow-wight". Wights also feature in J. R. R. Tolkien's world of Middle-earth, especially in The Lord of the Rings, and in George R. R. Martin's HBO television series Game of Thrones and novel series A Song of Ice and Fire.[4] Since its 1974 inclusion in the RPG Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), it has become a recurring form of undead in other fantasy games and mods, such as Vampire: The Masquerade.[5]
Examples in classic English literature and poetry
- Geoffrey Chaucer (1368–1372), The Reeve's Tale, line 4236:
- "For [Aleyn] had swonken al the longe nyght, And seyde, 'Fare weel, Malyne, sweete wight!'"
- —-— The Monk's Tale, line 380:
- "She kept her maidenhood from every wight
- To no man designed she for to be bond."
- ——— The Book of the Duchess, line 579:
- "Worste of alle wightes."
- ——— Prologue of The Knight, line 72–73:
- "Ne neuere yet no vileynye he sayde
- In al his lyf vnto no manere wight.
- He was a verray parfit gentil knyght."
- ——— The House of Fame, line 1830–1831:
- "We ben shrewes, every wight,
- And han delyt in wikkednes."
- Edmund Spenser (1590–1596), The Faerie Queene, I.i.6.8–9:
- "That every wight to shrowd it did constrain,
- And this fair couple eke to shroud themselues were fain."
- William Shakespeare (c. 1602), The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act I, Sc. III:
- "O base Hungarian wight! wilt thou the spigot wield?
- William Shakespeare (c. 1603), Othello, Act II, Sc. I:
- "She was a wight, if ever such wight were"
- John Milton (1626), On the Death of a Fair Infant Dying of a Cough, verse vi:
- "Oh say me true if thou wert mortal wight..."
- Church of Scotland (1650), Scots Metrical Psalter, Psalm 18 verse xxvi:
- "froward thou kythst unto the froward wight..."
- John Keats (1820 version), "La Belle Dame Sans Merci":
- Ah what can ail thee, wretched wight,
- Alone and palely loitering;
- Washington Irving (1820), The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:
- "In this by-place of nature there abode, in a remote period of American history, that is to say, some thirty years since, a worthy wight of the name of Ichabod Crane, who sojourned, or, as he expressed it, "tarried," in Sleepy Hollow, for the purpose of instructing the children of the vicinity."
- George Gordon, Lord Byron (1812–1816), Childe Harold's Pilgrimage Canto 1, verse :
- Ah, me! in sooth he was a shamles wight ...".
- Edwin Greenslade Murphy (1926), "Wot Won the Larst?", in Dryblower’s Verses:
- From weedy little wights whose cigarettes
- Recall a badly-disinfected drain
- W.S. Gilbert (1883), "Princess Ida", a song sung by the character King Gama:
- "Now when a wight sits up all night, ill natured jokes devising,
and all his wiles are met with smiles, it's hard, there's no disguising!"
- "Now when a wight sits up all night, ill natured jokes devising,
William Wordsworth
To the daisy “in autumn melancholy wight”
German Wicht
A similar change of meaning can be seen in the German cognate Wicht, meaning a living human being, generally rather small, poor or miserable man (not woman). The word is somewhat old-fashioned in today's language, but it is still used and readily recognized in everyday speech.
The diminutive Wichtel refers to beings in folklore and fantasy, generally small, and often helpful, dwelling in or near human settlements, secretly doing work and helping the humans, somewhat similar to the more specific Heinzelmännchen. Wichtel in this sense is recorded since the Middle Ages. Today, Wichtel is more often used than Wicht.
Dutch wicht
The word wicht can be used to refer, in a neutral way, to any woman. It is not used to refer to men.
Booswicht (literally Evil – Being) matching 'villain', can be used to describe both men and women.
See also
References
- ^ "Wight". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 1974.
- ^ Hoad, T. F., ed. (1996). "Wight". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
- ^ "Wight". Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (1974 ed.). Merriam-Webster. 1974.
- ^ Martin. "Chapter 52: Jon". A Game of Thrones. pp. 533–536, 545–548.
- ^ Sins of the blood. McCoy, Angel., White Wolf Publishing. Clarkston, GA: White Wolf Pub. 2001. pp. 9, 17–24. ISBN 158846217X. OCLC 62150117.
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