For other uses, see List of Google products#Discontinued products and services.

Google X, stylized as Google[x],[1] is a semi-secret facility run by Google dedicated to making major technological advancements. It is located about a half mile from Google's corporate headquarters, the Googleplex, in Mountain View, California.[2][3] Work at the lab is overseen by Sergey Brin, one of Google's co-founders, while scientist and entrepreneur Astro Teller (Captain of Moonshots) directs day-to-day activities.[4][5] Teller says that they aim to improve technologies by a factor of 10, and to develop "science fiction-sounding solutions."[6][7] The lab began in 2010 with the development of a self-driving car.[5]

    Projects

    In mid-2014, Google said there were eight projects being developed at Google X.[8] As of late 2014, Google X projects that have been revealed include:

    Projects that Google X has considered and rejected include a space elevator, which was deemed to be currently unfeasible;[19] a hoverboard, which was determined to be too costly relative to the societal benefits;[20] a user-safe jetpack, which was thought to be too loud and energy-wasting;[21] and teleportation, which was found to violate the laws of physics.[21]

    While Google X projects are often referred to as "moonshots" within the company, not all so-described moonshots are part of Google X. For example, Calico, Google's life extension project, is considered a moonshot but is not a part of Google X.[22] The same is true of Google's project to build robots for businesses.[23]

    In October 2013, the existence of four Google barges was revealed, with the vessels registered under the dummy corporation By And Large. Two of the barges have a superstructure whose construction has been kept under the utmost secrecy, while speculations indicate they could be used as marketing for, and stores for, Google Glass.[24]

    Life sciences division of Google X

    Main article: Life sciences division of Google X

    The life sciences division of Google X does a range of projects in the life sciences.

    Project Glass

    Project Glass is a research and development program by Google to develop an augmented reality head-mounted display (HMD).[25] The intended purpose of Project Glass products would be the hands-free displaying of information currently available to most smartphone users,[26] and allowing for interaction with the Internet via natural language voice commands.[27]

    Google driverless car

    The Google driverless car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for driverless cars. The project was led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense.[28] The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski, who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.[29]

    The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law in June 2011 concerning the operation of driverless cars in Nevada. Google had been lobbying for driverless car laws.[30][31][32] The license was issued to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driver-less technology.[33] In August 2012, the team announced that they have completed over 300,000 autonomous-driving miles accident-free, typically have about a dozen cars on the road at any given time, and are starting to test them with single drivers instead of in pairs.[34]

    Project Loon

    Project Loon is a project that aims to bring internet access to everyone by creating an internet network of balloons flying through the stratosphere. It uses wireless routers in balloons that are above weather and planes to give access to the internet to those who can't reach it or are in need of help.[35]

    Google contact lenses

    Google contact lenses were announced on January 16, 2014 with the goal of allowing people with diabetes to continually check their glucose levels using a non-intrusive method.[36]

    Project Wing

    Project Wing is a project that aims to rapidly deliver products across a city by using flying vehicles, similar to the Amazon Prime Air concept.[37] At the time of the announcement on August 28, 2014, it had already been in development secretly at Google for about two years, with full-scale testing being carried out in Australia. The flying vehicles take off vertically, then rotate to a horizontal position for flying around. For delivery, it hovers and winches packages down to the ground. At the end of the tether, there’s a little bundle of electronics which detects that the package has hit the ground, detaches from the delivery, and is pulled back up into the body of the vehicle. Dropping the cargo or landing were found to be unfeasible, as users compromised the safety.[38]

    Subsidiaries

    On 23 May 2013 Google X acquired Makani Power, a US company which develops tethered wings/kites with mounted wind turbines for low cost renewable energy generation.[39]

    Google X acquired product design firm Gecko Design in August 2014.[40]

    Campus

    A reporter from Bloomberg Businessweek visited the site in 2013 and described it as "ordinary two-story red-brick buildings about a half-mile from Google’s main campus. There's a burbling fountain out front and rows of company-issued bikes, which employees use to shuttle to the main campus."[2]

    See also

    Portal icon Google portal

    References

    1. ^ "Introduction to Project Glass". Google+: Project Glass. 4 April 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2013. "A group of us from Google[x] started Project Glass to build this kind of technology…" 
    2. ^ a b Stone, Brad (2013-05-22). "Inside Google's Secret Lab". Businessweek. Retrieved 2013-05-26. 
    3. ^ a b Cain Miller, Claire; Bilton, Nick (November 13, 2011). "Google’s Lab of Wildest Dreams". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2012. 
    4. ^ Shontell, Alyson (18 September 2013). "Meet The Mastermind Behind Driverless Cars, Glass And More: Google's 'Chief Of Moonshots,' Astro Teller". Business Insider. Retrieved 25 January 2014. 
    5. ^ a b Gertner, Jon (15 April 2014). "The Truth About Google X: An Exclusive Look Behind The Secretive Lab's Closed Doors". Fast Company. Retrieved 17 April 2014. 
    6. ^ Rowan, David (31 October 2013). "Astro Teller of Google[x] wants to improve the world's broken industries". Retrieved 25 January 2014. 
    7. ^ "Secret Google lab 'rewards failure'". Newsnight. BBC. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014. 
    8. ^ Douglas Macmillan; Rolfe Winkler (27 May 2014). "Google’s Prototype for Autonomous Driving Has No Steering Wheel". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 28 May 2014. 
    9. ^ Lawler, Ryan (27 May 2014). "Google X Built A Fully Self-Driving Car From Scratch, Sans Steering Wheel And Pedals". TechCrunch. Retrieved 15 September 2014. 
    10. ^ Madrigal, Alexis C. (28 August 2014). "Inside Google’s Secret Drone-Delivery Program". The Atlantic. Retrieved 29 August 2014. 
    11. ^ Goldman, David (4 April 2012). "Google unveils 'Project Glass' virtual-reality glasses". CNN Money. Retrieved 15 September 2014. 
    12. ^ NM Farandos, AK Yetisen, MJ Monteiro, CR Lowe, SH Yun (2014). "Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics.". Advanced Healthcare Materials. doi:10.1002/adhm.201400504. 
    13. ^ Ingraham, Nathan (16 January 2014). "Google X building 'smart' contact lens to measure glucose levels for diabetics". The Verge. Retrieved 17 January 2014. 
    14. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (14 June 2013). "Google X Announces Project Loon: Balloon-Powered Internet For Rural, Remote And Underserved Areas". TechCrunch. Retrieved 17 June 2013. 
    15. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (22 May 2013). "Google X Acquires Makani Power And Its Airborne Wind Turbines". TechCrunch. Retrieved 15 September 2014. 
    16. ^ "Google buys firm behind spoon for Parkinson's patients". BBC News. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014. 
    17. ^ Markoff, John (June 25, 2012). "How Many Computers to Identify a Cat? 16,000". The New York Times. Retrieved September 11, 2012. 
    18. ^ Stone, Brad (22 May 2013). "Inside Google's Secret Lab". Businessweek. Retrieved 23 May 2013. 
    19. ^ Gayomali, Chris (15 April 2014). "Google X Confirms The Rumors: It Really Did Try To Design A Space Elevator". Fast Company. Retrieved 17 April 2014. 
    20. ^ Gayomali, Chris (15 April 2014). "This Is Why We Don't Have Google X Hoverboards Yet". Fast Company. Retrieved 17 April 2014. 
    21. ^ a b Mack, Eric (6 May 2014). "Four Crazy Google X Projects That Failed". Forbes. Retrieved 9 May 2014. 
    22. ^ Harry McCracken; Lev Grossman (18 September 2013). "Google vs. Death". Time. Retrieved 18 September 2013. 
    23. ^ Markoff, John (4 December 2013). "Google Puts Money on Robots, Using the Man Behind Android". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 December 2013. 
    24. ^ Casey Newton. "Google plans to dock mystery barge at former Army post in San Francisco". The Verge. 
    25. ^ Goldman, David (4 April 2012). "Google unveils 'Project Glass' virtual-reality glasses". Money (CNN). 
    26. ^ Albanesius, Chloe (4 April 2012). "Google 'Project Glass' Replaces the Smartphone With Glasses". PC Magazine. 
    27. ^ Newman, Jared (4 April 2012). "Google's 'Project Glass' Teases Augmented Reality Glasses". PCWorld. 
    28. ^ John Markoff (2010-10-09). "Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-10-11. 
    29. ^ Sebastian Thrun (2010-10-09). "What we're driving at". The Official Google Blog. Retrieved 2010-10-11. 
    30. ^ "Nevada enacts law authorizing autonomous (driverless) vehicles". Green Car Congress. 2011-06-25. Retrieved 2011-06-25. 
    31. ^ Alex Knapp (2011-06-22). "Nevada Passes Law Authorizing Driverless Cars". Forbes. Retrieved 2011-06-25. 
    32. ^ John Markoff (2011-05-10). "Google Lobbies Nevada To Allow Self-Driving Cars". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-05-11. 
    33. ^ Mary Slosson (2012-05-08). "Google gets first self-driven car license in Nevada". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-05-09. 
    34. ^ Official Blog: The self-driving car logs more miles on new wheels Posted: Tuesday, August 07, 2012 by Chris Urmson, Engineering Lead
    35. ^ "Official website of project Loon". 
    36. ^ Brian Otis; Babak Parviz (2014-01-16). "Introducing our smart contact lens project". Google. Retrieved 2014-01-17. 
    37. ^ "Droning On". AOPA Pilot: 63. April 2015. 
    38. ^ Warwick, Graham. "Google Details 'Project Wing' Unmanned Package-Delivery R&D" Aviation Week & Space Technology, 3 November 2014. Accessed: 5 November 2014. Archived on 5 November 2014
    39. ^ "Google acquires kite-power generator". BBC News. Retrieved 23 May 2013. 
    40. ^ Miners, Zach (22 August 2014). "Google acquires Gecko Design for next-generation products". Retrieved 22 August 2014.