Hosta

by | Mar 16, 2018 | Hosta

How Can We Help?
You are here:
< Back

The city of Lawton is the county seat of Comanche County, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.[3] Located in the southwestern region of Oklahoma approximately 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Oklahoma City, it is the principal city of the Lawton Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the 2010 US Census, Lawton's population was 96,867, making it the fifth largest city in the state.[4]

Built on former reservation lands of Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians, Lawton was founded on August 6, 1901 and was named after Major General Henry Ware Lawton, a Civil War Medal of Honor recipient who was killed in action in the Philippine–American War. Lawton's landscape is typical of the Great Plains with flat topography and gently rolling hills, while the area north of the city is marked by the Wichita Mountains.

The city's proximity to Fort Sill Military Reservation gave Lawton economic and population stability in the region throughout the 20th century.[5] Although Lawton's economy is still largely dependent on Fort Sill, it has also grown to encompass manufacturing, higher education, health care, and retail.[6] The city's government is run by a council-manager government consisting of a city manager and a city council headed by a mayor. Interstate 44 and three major United States Highways serves the city, while Lawton-Fort Sill Regional Airport connects Lawton by air. Recreation can be found at the city's many parks, lakes, museums, and festivals. Notable residents of the city include many musical and literary artists as well as several professional athletes.

History

Main article: History of Lawton, Oklahoma

Lawton’s history is tied to Fort Sill, which was established in 1869 during the hostilities in the Indian Territory.[7] The land in present day southwest Oklahoma was allotted to the Comanche, Kiowa, and Apache tribes by the Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867, which ceased warring against the army June 1875.[7][8]

In 1891, the United States Congress appointed a commission to meet with the tribal leaders and come to an agreement allowing white settlement. Years of controversy and legal maneuvering ensued before President William McKinley issued a proclamation which gave the federal government control over 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2) for less than $1 per acre.[9][10]

Major-General Henry Ware Lawton
Major-General Henry Ware Lawton

Lawton was a 320-acre (1.3 km2) site designated as the county seat for Comanche County, Oklahoma. It was named for Major General Henry W. Lawton, a quartermaster at Fort Sill who had taken part in the pursuit and capture of Geronimo.[11] The city was opened to settlement through an auction of town lots beginning on August 6, 1901 and were completed sixty days later.[12] The first city elections were held October 24, 1901.[13]

The United States entry into World War I accelerated growth at Fort Sill and Lawton. The availability of five million gallons of water from Lake Lawtonka, just north of Fort Sill, provided the impetus for the War Department to establish a major cantonment named Camp Doniphan, active until 1922.[14] Following World War II, Lawton enjoyed rapid and steady population growth with the population increasing from 18,055 to 34,757 from 1930 to 1940.[15] By 1960, it had reached 61,697.[15]

Lawton underwent tremendous growth during the late 1940s and 1950s, leading city officials to seek additional water sources to supplement existing water from Lake Lawtonka at the foot of Mount Scott near Medicine Park. In the late 1950s, the city purchased large parcels of land along East Cache Creek in northern Comanche County for the construction of a man-made lake with a dam built in 1959 on the creek just north of U.S. 277 west of Elgin. Lake Ellsworth, named for a former Lawton mayor and soft-drink bottler C.R. Ellsworth, was dedicated in the early 1960s and not only offered additional water resources, but also recreational opportunities and flood control along Cache Creek, which had been prone to flooding following heavy rains further downstream to the east of Lawton southward to near Walters in Cotton County.[16]

In 1966, the Lawton annexed several miles of land on the city's east, northeast, west and northwest borders, expanding east beyond the East Cache Creek area and west to 82nd Street.[17][18] Urban renewal efforts in the 1970s transformed downtown Lawton. A number of buildings dating back to the city's founding were demolished in order to build an enclosed shopping mall.[19]

On June 23, 1998, the city expanded when Lawton annexed neighboring Fort Sill.[20] With the advent of the Base Realignment and Closure of 2005, Lawton is expected to see continued population and economic growth.[21]

Geography

Lawton is located at 34°36′16″N 98°23′45″W / 34.60444°N 98.39583°W / 34.60444; -98.39583 (34.604444, -98.395833). The city has a total area of 75.1 square miles (195 km2), all of it land.[22] Lawton is located about 84 miles (135 km) southwest of Oklahoma City. Other surrounding cities include Wichita Falls about 47 miles (76 km) to the south, Duncan about 33 miles (53 km) to the east, and Altus about 56 miles (90 km) to the west.[23]

Lawton lies in an area that is typical of the Great Plains with prairie, few trees,and flat topography with gently rolling hills.[24] The region north of the city consists of the Wichita Mountains including Mount Scott and Mount Pinchot the area's highest peaks.[25]

Climate

Lawton lies in a dry subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with frequent variations in weather daily, except during the constantly hot and dry summer months. Frequent strong winds, usually from the south or south-southeast during the summer, help to lessen the hotter weather. While occasional northerly winds during the winter can intensify cold periods.[24]

The average mean temperature for the southwest Oklahoma is 62 °F (17 °C). The summers can be extremely hot, where Lawton averages 35 days with temperatures 100 °F (38 °C) and above. The winter months are typically mild, though there can be periods of extreme cold. Lawton averages between 3–6 days of temperatures below 32 °F (0 °C).[24] The city receives about 31.6 inches (800 mm) of precipitation[26] and less than 3 inches (80 mm) of snow annually.[24]

Lawton is located squarely in area known as Tornado Alley and is prone to severe weather in late April through early June.[27] Most notably in 1957, a F4 tornado and again in 1974 a F3 tornado struck the southern region of the city.[28]

Climate data for Lawton, Oklahoma
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 49.9
(9.94)		 55.9
(13.28)		 64.6
(18.11)		 74.3
(23.5)		 81.3
(27.39)		 90.0
(32.22)		 95.7
(35.39)		 94.7
(34.83)		 86.1
(30.06)		 75.6
(24.22)		 61.9
(16.61)		 52.1
(11.17)		 73.51
(23.06)
Daily mean °F (°C) 38.2
(3.44)		 43.7
(6.5)		 52.4
(11.33)		 61.4
(16.33)		 70.5
(21.39)		 79.1
(26.17)		 84.2
(29)		 95.4
(35.22)		 90.4
(32.44)		 63.6
(17.56)		 50.7
(10.39)		 40.9
(4.94)		 64.21
(17.894)
Average low °F (°C) 26.4
(-3.11)		 31.4
(-0.33)		 40.1
(4.5)		 49.3
(9.61)		 59.4
(15.22)		 68.1
(20.06)		 72.6
(22.56)		 71.5
(21.94)		 63.4
(17.44)		 51.5
(10.83)		 39.4
(4.11)		 29.7
(-1.28)		 50.23
(10.13)
Precipitation inches (mm) 1.15
(29.2)		 1.44
(36.6)		 1.54
(39.1)		 2.91
(73.9)		 5.08
(129)		 3.91
(99.3)		 2.01
(51.1)		 2.36
(59.9)		 3.37
(85.6)		 3.24
(82.3)		 1.89
(48)		 1.68
(42.7)		 30.58
(776.7)
Source: NOAA (normals, 1971-2000) [26]

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1910 7,788
—
1920 8,930 14.7%
1930 12,121 35.7%
1940 18,055 49.0%
1950 34,757 92.5%
1960 61,697 77.5%
1970 74,470 20.7%
1980 80,054 7.5%
1990 80,561 0.6%
2000 92,757 15.1%
2010 96,867 4.4%
Source: 2010[4] 1910-2000[15]

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 92,757 people, 31,778 households, and 22,530 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,234.5 people per square mile (476.6/km²). There were 36,433 housing units at an average density of 484.9 per square mile (187.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.34% White, 23.06% African American, 3.81% Native American, 2.46% Asian, 0.44% Pacific Islander, 3.96% from other races, and 4.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.40% of the population.

There were 31,778 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.8% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 108.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,521, and the median income for a family was $37,831. Males had a median income of $27,573 versus $21,623 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,397. About 14.2% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Crime

In 2009, the Lawton MSA had a violent crime rate of 1,018 incidents per 100,000 people, compared to a rate of 501 in Oklahoma as a whole and 429 nationwide. The property crime rate for 2009 was 4,745 incidents per 100,000 people, compared to an average of 3,573 in Oklahoma and 3,036 nationally.[29][30][31]

Economy and workforce

Lawton is primarily centered on government, manufacturing and retail trade industries. Lawton MSA ranks 4th in Oklahoma with Gross Domestic Product of $4.2 Billion produced in 2008 with a majority ($2.1 Billion) in the government sector.[6] Fort Sill is the largest employer of jobs in Lawton, employing over 5,000 full time employees. In the private sector, the largest employer is Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company with 2,400 full time employees. Major employers in the Lawton area also include: Lawton Public Schools, Comanche County Memorial Hospital, City of Lawton, Cameron University, and Assurant Solutions.[5]

Lawton includes two major industrial parks. One is located in the southwest region of town while the second is located near the Lawton-Fort Sill Regional Airport.[32]

At present, the city of Lawton is undertaking the Downtown Revitalization Project. Its goal is to redesigning the areas between Elmer Thomas Park at the north through Central Mall to the south to be more visually appealing and pedestrian friendly in order to encourage business growth in the area.[33][34]

Lawton had 30,818 employed civilians as of the 2000 Census, including 15,371 females. Of the civilian workers, 19,297 (62.6%) were private for profit wage and salary workers. Of them 754 (2.4% of the total Lawton civilian workforce) were employees of their own corporations. 1,572 (5.1%) were private non-profit wage and salary workers. 2,223 (7.2%) worked for local governments. 2,122 (6.9%) were state government workers. 3,736 (12.1%) were federal workers. 1,802 (5.8%) were self-employed; 50 (.2%) worked in agriculture, forestry, fishing, or hunting. 66 (.2%) were unpaid family workers.[35]

Arts and culture

Events and festivals

Lawton is home to many annual attractions including the annual Prince of Peace Easter Passion Play. It is held in the Holy City in the Wichita Mountain Refuge each year on Palm Sunday and continues to Easter Eve. It continues to be one of the longest running Easter Passion Play in the nation and was the basis for the 1949 movie The Prince of Peace.[36][37]

In May, Lawton Arts for All hosts the Arts for All Festival. The festival accommodates several judged art competitions, as well as live entertainment. The festival is typically held at Shepler Park.[38]

Lawton is also hosts The International Festival, which showcases many different culture, arts, and music. Started in 1979, The International Festival held annually in late-September at Elmer Thomas Park.[39][40]

Museums

Lawton has three museums that are open to the public. The Museum of the Great Plains is a museum dedicated to natural history and early settlement of the Great Plains.[41] Outdoor exhibits includes a replica of the Red River Trading Post, the original Blue Beaver schoolhouse, and Elgin Train Depot with a Frisco locomotive.[42]

The Fort Sill Museum is located on the current military base of the same name and includes the old Fort Sill corral, several period buildings including the old post guardhouse, chapel, and barracks, as well as several artillery pieces.[43] The old fort is also listed as a National Historic Landmark.[44]

The Comanche National Museum and Cultural Center, which is operated by the Comanche Nation Tribe, focuses on exhibits and art relating to the Comanche culture past and present. The museum also hosts traveling American Indian exhibitions from the Smithsonian Institute, Michigan State University Museum, and Chicago's Field Museum.[45]

Sports

Lawton is home to Cameron University Aggies, which is a Division II school in the Lone Star Conference. Noted for winning the NAIA Football National Championship in 1987, the school has no football current program, however Cameron remains competitive in ten varsity sports including Men's and Women's Basketball, Baseball, Softball.[46][47]

Lawton is also home to the Premier Basketball League team the Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry. The Calvary moved from Oklahoma City to Lawton in 2007 where they have gone to win three league championships.[48][49] The Calvary home games are played at the Great Plains Coliseum.[50]

The city also offers many organized amateur leagues including: Adult Softball, Youth Baseball, Soccer, Softball, and Volleyball.[51]

Parks and recreation

A view of Mt Scott

Lawton is home to 80 parks and recreations areas in varying sizes, including the largest Elmer Thomas.[52] Along with the park system, the city is nearby three major lakes, Lake Lawtonka, Lake Ellsworth, and Elmer Thomas Lake which boating, swimming, camping, and fishing are permitted.[53]

Northwest of the city is the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge which is managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in order to preserve the natural fauna of southwest Oklahoma. The refuge includes a Visitor Center, several camping areas, hiking trails, and many lakes for the public to explore.[54]

Government

See also: List of mayors of Lawton, Oklahoma
Lawton City Hall
City government:[55]
Mayor Fred L. Finch
Ward 1 Bill Shoemate
Ward 2 Michael Tenis
Ward 3 Rosemary Bellino-Hall
Ward 4 Jay Burk
Ward 5 Rex Givens
Ward 6 Richard Zarle
Ward 7 Stanley Haywood
Ward 8 Doug Wells

Lawton uses the council-manager model of municipal government. The city's primary authority resides in the City Council which approves ordinances, resolutions, and contracts. The city is divided into eight wards with each ward electing a single city council representative for a three year term.[55] The mayor, who is elected every three years, presides and sets the agenda over the City Council, but is primarily ceremonial as a head of government.[56] The administrative day to day operations of the city is headed by the City Manager who is appointed by the City Council.[57] As of March 2010, the Mayor of Lawton is Fred L. Fitch and City Manager is Larry Mitchell.[55][58]

Lawton is the county seat of Comanche County and houses county offices and courts. Three elected commissioners serving four year terms manage the county government.[59]

At the federal level, Lawton lies in Oklahoma 4th Congressional district, represented by Tom Cole.[60] In the State Senate, Lawton is in District 31 (Don Barrington) and 32 (Randy Bass).[61][62] In the House, District 62 (T.W. Shannon), 63 (Don Armes), 64 (Ann Coody) covers the city.[63]

Education

Higher education

Main article: Cameron University
Cameron University

Cameron University is the largest four year, state-funded university, in southwest Oklahoma, offering more than 50 degree programs in areas of Business, Education, Liberal Arts and Science and Technology.[64] Founded in 1909, Cameron has an average fall enrollment of 6,000 students with 70 endowed faculty positions.[65]

Lawton is also served by the Great Plains Technology Center, which is part of the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education System. Great Plains provides occupational education, training, and development opportunities to area residents.[66]

Primary and secondary schools

Lawton Public Schools serves most of the city of Lawton. The district operates two pre-kindergarten centers, twenty-six elementary schools, four middle schools, and three high schools – Eisenhower, Lawton, and MacArthur.[67] In 2008, Lawton Public Schools had an enrollment of about 16,000 students with about 1,000 teachers.[68] Two independent districts, Bishop and Flower Mound, serve portions of Lawton. Bishop operates a single PK-6 elementary campus and Flower Mound has a PK-8 campus. Secondary students living in these districts attend Lawton Public Schools. A small portion of far-west Lawton is served by Cache Public Schools.[69]

Other schools in Lawton include St. Mary's Catholic School, which has both an elementary and middle school. St. Mary's has served the greater Lawton area and the Fort Sill community for over 100 years and offers accredited Catholic education for grades Pre-K through 8th grade. It is the only accredited private school in Lawton.[70] Trinity Christian Academy and Lawton Christian School are two other private schools. Trinity Christian Academy offers classes from K-3 through the 8th grade.[71] Lawton Christian has the city's only private independent high school. Lawton Christian, founded in 1976, offers education to grades prekindergarten though 12th grade and has a student body of 426 students.[72]

Media

The Lawton Constitution is the only daily newspaper published in Lawton and has a circulation of 30,000. In addition the Fort Sill newspaper, The Cannoneer, is published weekly primarily for military personnel as well as the newspaper The Cameron Collegian whose main audience is Cameron University students.[73] Additionally, Okie Magazine is a monthly magazine that focuses on news and entertainment in the Southwest Oklahoma area.[74]

Lawton has two AM Stations KKRX 1050 and KXCA 1380 as well as 15 FM stations which includes: NPR affiliate KCCU 89.3, KFXI 92.1, KZCD 94.1, KMGZ 95.3, KJMZ 97.9, KLAW 101.3 and KVRW 107.3[73]

Lawton is located in the Wichita Falls and Lawton Media Market which encompasses 154,450 TV homes, making it the 149th largest in the nation according to Nelson Media Research.[75] KSWO-TV channel 7, an ABC affiliate, is the only broadcast television station in the Lawton area that provides local news.[76] All other major stations including, KFDX-TV 3 (NBC), KAUZ-TV (CBS), and KJTL-TV (Fox) are based in Wichita Falls.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Map of Lawton, OK

Lawton is primarily served by Interstate 44, designated as the H.E. Bailey Turnpike. It connects the city to Oklahoma City to the northeast and to Wichita Falls, Texas to the south. The city is also connected by US Highway 62, which connects to the regional towns of Altus to the west and Anadarko to the north. Other major thoroughfares include US Highway 277 and 281, which parallels the H.E. Bailey Turnpike to Wichita Falls to the south and leads to regional towns of Anadarko and Chickasha, respectively, to the north, and OK-7 which connects Lawton to Duncan.[77]

Lawton Area Transit System (LATS) which provides public transit for both Lawton and Fort Sill. LATS main terminal is located near the Lawton Public Library and provides five major routes throughout the city.[78]

By air, Lawton is served by the Lawton-Fort Sill Regional Airport (LAW, KLAW). At present, it offers daily American Eagle flights to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and is also used for military use.[79][80]

Health care

Lawton has three major hospitals in the area. The largest, Comanche County Memorial Hospital, is a 283-bed non-profit hospital that employs 250 physicians.[81] Southwestern Medical Center is a 199-bed hospital with a staff of 150 physicians.[82] In addition, the US Public Health Lawton Indian Hospital, is located in the city to provide health services for the large American Indian population. It has 26 beds with a staff of 23 physicians.[83]

Notable residents

Notable residents include country singers: Bryan White,[84] Kelly Willis,[85] and Leon Russell,[86] Grammy nominated jazz trombonist Conrad Herwig[87] and Flaming Lips Drummer Steven Drozd[88] Notable authors include Pulitzer Prize winning author N. Scott Momaday,[89] poet Don Blanding,[90] and Hugo Award winner, C.J. Cherryh.[91]

Politicians from Lawton include: Democratic State Senator Randy Bass[92] and former US Ambassador to Czechoslovakia Julian Niemczyk (born on Fort Sill).[93]

Other notable residents include: WWII Comanche Code Talker, Charles Chibitty[94] Academy Award winning actress Joan Crawford,[95] WWII ace Robert S. Johnson,[96] three time NBA Champion Stacey King,[97] Miss America 2007 Lauren Nelson,[98] infamous University of Oklahoma Quarterback Charles Thompson,[99] NFL Pro Bowlers Will Shields[100] and Jammal Brown,[101] and 2006 Contender Champion Boxer Grady Brewer.[102]

Sister cities

References

  1. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  4. ^ a b US Census Bureau. "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Oklahoma's 2010 Census Population Totals". http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn33.html. Retrieved 2010-04-03. 
  5. ^ a b Lawton Ft. Sill Economic Development Team. "Major Employers". http://www.lawtonok.org/businessenvironment/major_employers.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-15. 
  6. ^ a b "Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area". http://www.bea.gov/regional/gdpmetro/. Retrieved 2010-05-19. 
  7. ^ a b Fort Sill, Globalsecurity.org (accessed May 23, 2010).
  8. ^ Kappler, Charles (1903). Indian Affairs: Laws and treaties, Volume 2. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 755. http://books.google.com/books?id=GdEUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA755#v=onepage&q=lodge&f=false. 
  9. ^ Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553 (1903).
  10. ^ Kappler, Charles (1904). Indian Affairs: Laws and treaties, Volume 1. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 1012. http://books.google.com/books?id=H4UTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1012#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
  11. ^ The California Military Museum. "Major-General Henry Ware Lawton, U.S.Volunteers". http://www.militarymuseum.org/Lawton.html. Retrieved 2010-05-23. 
  12. ^ Kutchta, Howard (2001). Lawton, a centennial history, 1901-2001. Bell Books. p. 7,8. 
  13. ^ Kutchta, p.15
  14. ^ Kutchta p. 28
  15. ^ a b c "Historical Census Population; City by County 1890 to 2000" (pdf). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. http://www.okcommerce.gov/Libraries/Documents/Historical_Census_Population%3B_City_by_County_1890_to_2000_0812041317.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-13. 
  16. ^ Kutchta, p.72
  17. ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Official State Highway Map [map], 1954 edition.
  18. ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Official State Highway Map [map], 1975 edition.
  19. ^ Savage, Cynthia, "Lawton," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (accessed June 17, 2010).
  20. ^ Kutchta, p.100
  21. ^ KSWO. "BRAC expected to bring population growth of 23,000 over 20 years". http://www.kswo.com/Global/story.asp?S=8917350. Retrieved 2010-06-25. 
  22. ^ "U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2010-04-20. 
  23. ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Official State Highway Map [map], 2009 edition.
  24. ^ a b c d "Oklahoma's Climate: an Overview" (pdf). University of Oklahoma. http://climate.mesonet.org/county_climate/Products/oklahoma_climate_overview.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-20. 
  25. ^ US Fish and Wildlife Service. "Frequently Asked Questions". http://www.fws.gov/southwest/refuges/oklahoma/wichitamountains/faq.html#trails. Retrieved 2010-05-28. 
  26. ^ a b "Climatography of the United States NO.20". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/ok/345063.pdf. Retrieved February 7, 2011. 
  27. ^ Rodger Edwards, Storm Prediction Center. "Tornado Climatology". http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/index.html#Climatology. Retrieved 2010-05-29. 
  28. ^ National Weather Service - Norman. "Comanche County, OK Tornadoes (1875–2009)". http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/?n=tornadodata-county-ok-comanche. Retrieved 2010-05-28. 
  29. ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation. "Table 6 Violent Crime in United States 2009". http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_06.html. Retrieved 2011-04-04. 
  30. ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation. "Table 1 Crime in the United States 2009". http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_01.html. Retrieved 2011-04-04. 
  31. ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation. "Table 5 Crime in the United States 2009". http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_05.html. Retrieved 2011-04-04. 
  32. ^ Lawton Ft. Sill Economic Development Team. "Lawton Municipal Airport". http://www.lawtonok.org/sites-buildings/industrial-parks/airport/default.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-15. 
  33. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "Downtown Revitalization Plan". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/DowntownRev.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-15. 
  34. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "Downtown Lawton Actions" (pdf). http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/ActionPlan.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-15. 
  35. ^ US Census Bureau. "Class of Worker by Sex, Place of Work, and Veteran Status: 2000 - Lawton, Oklahoma". http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-context=qt&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP25&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-tree_id=403&-redoLog=true&-all_geo_types=N&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=label&-geo_id=16000US4041850&-search_results=16000US4041850&-format=&-_lang=en. Retrieved 2010-06-18. 
  36. ^ The Holy City of the Wichitas. "About Us". http://www.theholycitylawton.com/about_us. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  37. ^ The Internet Movie Database. "The Lawton Story". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0043936/. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  38. ^ Arts for All Lawton. "AFA Festival". http://www.lawtonafa.org/Festival.htm. Retrieved 205-05-16. 
  39. ^ Kutchta, p.98
  40. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "International Festival". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/lahc/IF.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  41. ^ Museum of the Great Plains. "Museum of the Great Plains Educators". http://www.museumgreatplains.org/museumofthegreat.html. Retrieved 2011-04-07. 
  42. ^ Museum of the Great Plains. "Museum of the Great Plains Outdoor Exhibits". http://www.museumgreatplains.org/museumofthegreal.html. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  43. ^ Fort Sill Historical Landmark Museum. "Museum History". http://sill-www.army.mil/Museum/history.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-11. 
  44. ^ National Parks Service. "National Historic Landmarks Program - Fort Sill". http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=462&ResourceType=District. Retrieved 2010-06-25. 
  45. ^ Comanche Nation Museum. "About the Museum". http://www.comanchemuseum.com/about-the-museum.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-05. 
  46. ^ National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. "Championship Records" (pdf). http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/naia/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/ChampionshipRecordsJan29.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-02. 
  47. ^ Cameron Office of Sports Information. "Sports Information". http://www.cameronaggies.com/page.asp?articleID=1465. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
  48. ^ "CBA Cavalry finds a home; Lawton steps up". The Daily Oklahoman. 2007-07-10. 
  49. ^ "Consistency key to Cavalry's title success". The Lawton Constitution. 2010-04-29. 
  50. ^ Lawton Fort Sill Calvary. "Lawton Fort Sill Calvary 2011 Schedule". http://www.lfscavs.com/Schedule/index.html. Retrieved 2011-04-07. 
  51. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "Sports&Aquatics". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/parksnrec/Sports.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  52. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "Parks & Grounds". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/parksnrec/parks.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  53. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "Lakes Division". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/parksnrec/lakes.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  54. ^ US Fish & Wildlife Service. "Frequently Asked Questions - Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge". http://www.fws.gov/southwest/refuges/oklahoma/wichitamountains/faq.html. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  55. ^ a b c City of Lawton Oklahoma. "Mayor/Council". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/official.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-07. 
  56. ^ Lawton, Oklahoma, Municipal Code art. C-2-2 (accessed 2011-03-30)
  57. ^ Lawton, Oklahoma, Municipal Code art. C-3-2(accessed 2011-03-30)
  58. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "City Manager's Office". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/citymgr.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-15. 
  59. ^ Comanche County of Oklahoma. "Board of Commissioners". http://www.comanchecounty.us/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79&Itemid=384. Retrieved 2010-05-15. 
  60. ^ "2002 Congressional Districts". Oklahoma House of Senate. http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/images/districts/2002_cong_districts.gif. Retrieved 2010-05-14. 
  61. ^ "Senate District 31" (pdf). Oklahoma Senate. http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/districts/dist31/dist31_map.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-14. 
  62. ^ "Senate District 32" (pdf). Oklahoma Senate. http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/districts/dist32/dist32_map.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-14. 
  63. ^ "Stillwater Lawton Enid House Districts Map" (pdf). Oklahoma House of Representatives. http://www.okhouse.gov/Documents/Districts/0405_3in1.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-14. 
  64. ^ Cameron University. "Academic Information". http://www.cameron.edu/academic. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  65. ^ Cameron University. "CU Fast Facts". http://www.cameron.edu/fastfacts. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  66. ^ Great Plain Technology Center. "About GPTC". http://www.greatplains.edu/about/. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  67. ^ Lawton Public Schools. "Schools". http://www.lawtonps.org/Schools/. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  68. ^ National Center for Educational Statistics. "District details for Lawton". http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/districtsearch/district_detail.asp?Search=1&details=1&InstName=lawton&State=40&DistrictType=1&DistrictType=2&DistrictType=3&DistrictType=4&DistrictType=5&DistrictType=6&DistrictType=7&NumOfStudentsRange=more&NumOfSchoolsRange=more&ID2=4017250. Retrieved 2011-04-04. 
  69. ^ Comanche County Oklahoma. "School Districts". http://www.comanchecounty.us/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=157&Itemid=252. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  70. ^ St. Mary's Catholic School of Lawton. "Home". http://www.stmaryslawtonok.com/aboutus. Retrieved 2011-04-04. 
  71. ^ Trinity Christian Academy. "Student Application". http://www.tcalawton.org/site/cpage.asp?cpage_id=180021118&sec_id=180001609. Retrieved 2011-04-04. 
  72. ^ Lawton Christian Schools. "About Us". http://www.lcscrusaders.com/about/index.cfm. Retrieved 2010-05-14. 
  73. ^ a b Lawton Fort Sill Chamber of Commerce. "City Services". http://www.lawtonfortsillchamber.com/index.php?pr=City_Services. Retrieved 2010-05-24. 
  74. ^ MondoTimes. "Okie Magazine". http://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/us/36/2014/20896. Retrieved 2010-11-11. 
  75. ^ Nelson Media. "Local Television Market Universe Estimates" (pdf). http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-24. 
  76. ^ KSWO-TV. "About KSWO-TV". http://www.kswo.com/Global/story.asp?S=5441509&nav=menu495_12. Retrieved 2010-05-24. 
  77. ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Official State Highway Map [map], 2010 edition.
  78. ^ Lawton Area Transit System. "RIDE LATS". http://www.ridelats.com/. Retrieved 2010-05-24. 
  79. ^ Lawton Metropolitan Area Airport Authority. "American/American Eagle Airlines". http://www.flylawton.org/travel. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
  80. ^ AirNav. "Lawton-Fort Sill Regional Airport". http://www.airnav.com/airport/KLAW. Retrieved 2010-05-24. 
  81. ^ "Our History". Comanche County Memorial Hospital. http://www.memorialhealthsource.com/body.cfm?id=11. 
  82. ^ Southwest Medical Center. "Our Community". http://www.swmconline.com/Web%20Pages/About%20Us%20Pages/ourCommunity.html. Retrieved 2010-05-24. 
  83. ^ Indian Health Services. "Lawton Service Unit". http://www.ihs.gov/oklahoma/index.cfm?module=dsp_okao_su_lawton. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
  84. ^ Bryan White. "About Bryan White". http://www.bryanwhite.com/index.php/about. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  85. ^ The Internet Movie Database. "Kelly Willis (I)". http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0932371/. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  86. ^ Country Music Television. "Leon Russell". http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/russell_leon/bio.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  87. ^ Conrad Herwig. "Conrad Herwig Inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame". http://www.conradherwig.com/index.php?/news/article/conrad_herwig_inducted_into_the_oklahoma_jazz_hall_of_fame/. 
  88. ^ Chancellor, Jennifer (February 16, 2010). "In his element: Drozd in tune as a master teacher". Tulsa World (Tulsa Oklahoma). http://www.tulsaworld.com/twpdfs/2010/FINAL/W_021610_D_3.PDF. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  89. ^ Oklahoma State Digital Library. "MOMADAY, N. SCOTT". http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/M/MO007.html. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  90. ^ Goins, Charles; Goble, Danney and Morris, John W. (2006). Historical Atlas of Oklahoma. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 232. http://books.google.com/books?id=dCWjHf71PFgC&lpg=PA232&ots=wIUcmIpWIb&dq=Don%20Blanding%20lawton&pg=PA232#v=onepage&q=Don%20Blanding%20lawton&f=false. 
  91. ^ Oklahoma State Digital Library. "CHERRY, CAROLINE JANICE". http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH026.html. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  92. ^ Oklahoma State Senate. "Senator Randy Bass - District 32". http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/biographies/bass_bio.html. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  93. ^ The Notable Names Database. "Julian M. Niemczyk". http://www.nndb.com/people/249/000130856/. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  94. ^ Holley, Joe (July 26, 2005). "Comanche Code Talker Charles Chibitty Dies". The Washington Post (Washington DC). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/25/AR2005072501542.html. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  95. ^ Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. "CRAWFORD, JOAN". http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CR003.html. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
  96. ^ Air University. "Robert S. Johnson". http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eagle_bios/1996/johnson_1996.asp. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  97. ^ Basketball Reference. "Stacey King NBA & ABA Statistics". http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/k/kingst01.html. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  98. ^ The Internet Movie Database. "Lauren Nelson". http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1632772/. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  99. ^ "SPORTS PEOPLE: FOOTBALL; Thompson Released". The New York Times (New York City, NY). February 16, 1989. http://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/16/sports/sports-people-football-thompson-released.html. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  100. ^ Nebraska Athletics Official Web Site. "Retired Jersey: #75". http://www.huskers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=100&ATCLID=119. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 
  101. ^ Pro Football Reference. "Jammal Brown". http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/B/BrowJa55.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-20. 
  102. ^ BoxRec. "Grady Brewer". http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=044367&cat=boxer. Retrieved 2011-03-20. 
  103. ^ City of Lawton Oklahoma. "About Lawton". http://www.cityof.lawton.ok.us/About_Lawton.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-30. 

External links

v · d · Municipalities and communities of Comanche County, Oklahoma
County seat: Lawton
Cities

Cache | Elgin | Lawton
Towns
Unincorporated
communities
Footnotes

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
v · d ·  State of Oklahoma
Oklahoma City (capital)
Topics
Society
Regions
Largest cities
Counties

Adair | Alfalfa | Atoka | Beaver | Beckham | Blaine | Bryan | Caddo | Canadian | Carter | Cherokee | Choctaw | Cimarron | Cleveland | Coal | Comanche | Cotton | Craig | Creek | Custer | Delaware | Dewey | Ellis | Garfield | Garvin | Grady | Grant | Greer | Harmon | Harper | Haskell | Hughes | Jackson | Jefferson | Johnston | Kay | Kingfisher | Kiowa | Latimer | Le Flore | Lincoln | Logan | Love | Major | Marshall | Mayes | McClain | McCurtain | McIntosh | Murray | Muskogee | Noble | Nowata | Okfuskee | Oklahoma | Okmulgee | Osage | Ottawa | Pawnee | Payne | Pittsburg | Pontotoc | Pottawatomie | Pushmataha | Roger Mills | Rogers | Seminole | Sequoyah | Stephens | Texas | Tillman | Tulsa | Wagoner | Washington | Washita | Woods | Woodward
Personal tools
  • Log in / create account
Namespaces
Variants
Actions
Navigation
Toolbox
Print/export
Categories
Table of Contents