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Alan Keyes

Alan Lee Keyes (born August 7, 1950) is an American political activist, author and former diplomat, and perennial candidate for public office.[1][2] He ran for President of the United States in 1996, 2000, and 2008, and was a Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in 1988, 1992, and 2004. Keyes served in the U.S. Foreign Service, was appointed Ambassador to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations under President Ronald Reagan, and served as Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 1985 to 1987. He is known for his Christian Dominionist views on the role of government and societal issues.

Personal life and family

Keyes currently lives with his family in Montgomery County, Maryland.

Born in a naval hospital on Long Island in New York,[3] Keyes was the fifth child to Allison and Gerthina Keyes, a U.S. Army sergeant and a teacher. Due to his father's tours of duty, the Keyes family traveled frequently. Keyes lived in Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Virginia and overseas in Italy[citation needed].

After graduation from high school, Keyes attended Cornell University, where he was a member of the Cornell University Glee Club and The Hangovers. He studied political philosophy with American philosopher and essayist Allan Bloom and has said that Bloom was the professor who influenced him most in his undergraduate studies.[3] Later, Keyes received death threats for opposing Vietnam war protesters who seized a campus building..[4] Keyes claims that a passage of Bloom's book, The Closing of the American Mind, refers to this incident,[5] speaking of an African-American student "whose life had been threatened by a black faculty member when the student refused to participate in a demonstration" at Cornell.[6] Shortly thereafter, he left the school and spent a year in Paris under a Cornell study abroad program connected with Bloom[citation needed].

Keyes was invited to continue his studies at Harvard University, where he resided at Winthrop House, and completed his B.A. degree in government affairs in 1972. During his first year of graduate school, Keyes's roommate was Bill Kristol. In 1988, Kristol ran Keyes' unsuccessful U.S. Senate campaign in Maryland.[7]

Keyes earned his PhD in government affairs from Harvard University in 1979, having written a dissertation on Alexander Hamilton and constitutional theory, under Harvey C. Mansfield.[8] Due to student deferments and a high draft number, Keyes was not drafted to serve in Vietnam. Keyes and his family were staunch supporters of the war in Vietnam, where his father served two tours of duty.[9] Keyes was criticized by opponents of the war in Vietnam, but he says he was supporting his father and his brothers, who were also fighting in the war.[10]

Keyes is married to Jocelyn Marcel Keyes, an Indian from Calcutta. The couple have three children — Francis, Maya, and Andrew. Keyes is a Catholic and is a third-degree Knight of Columbus[11][12]

In 2005, Maya Keyes came out as a lesbian.[13] Reports that her family threw her out of the house and stopped talking to her [14][15] have been contradicted by Keyes and his daughter. However, in an interview with Metro Weekly, a Washington, D.C. LGBT newspaper, Maya merely confirmed that her father "cut off all financial support". She said she could understand this because "It doesn't make much sense for him to be [financially] supporting someone who is working against what he believes in." In the same interview she also criticized the media's reporting of the event.[16] Alan Keyes contradicted reports about his having disowned his daughter in October 2007. In response to a caller, Keyes said that he loves his daughter and that she knows she has a home with him. He asserted that he never cut her off and never would because it would be "wrong in the eyes of God." He also said he would not be coerced into "approving of that which destroys the soul" of his daughter. He contended that he must "stand for the truth [Jesus Christ] represents" even if it breaks his heart.[17]

It has been said that Keyes is a trained opera singer.[18] A descendant of enslaved African Americans, Keyes[19] wrote a book about the problems affecting black America called Masters of the Dream: The Strength and Betrayal of Black America (ISBN 0-688-09499-3).

Diplomat

A year before completing his doctoral studies, Keyes joined the United States Department of State as a protégé of UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick.[20] In 1979, he was assigned to the consulate in Mumbai, India, where as a desk officer he met his wife Jocelyn Marcel.[21] The following year, Keyes was sent to serve at the embassy in Zimbabwe.[22]

In 1981 Keyes settled in Washington, D.C. as a member of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff[citation needed]. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan appointed Keyes to the United Nations with the full rank of ambassador. He continued as ambassador to the UN[citation needed] until 1985, when he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State for International Organizations, a position he held until 1987. His stay at the UN provoked some controversy, leading Newsday to say "he has propounded the more unpopular aspects of US policy with all the diplomatic subtlety of the cannon burst in Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture."[23] He also served on the staff of the National Security Council.[24]

At a fundraiser for Keyes' Senate campaign, President Reagan spoke of Keyes' time as an ambassador, saying that he "did such an extraordinary job ... defending our country against the forces of anti-Americanism." Reagan continued, "I've never known a more stout-hearted defender of a strong America than Alan Keyes."[25] In 1987 Keyes was appointed a resident scholar for the American Enterprise Institute. His principal research for AEI was diplomacy, international relations, and self-government.[26]

Following government service, Ambassador Keyes was President of Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW) from 1989 to 1991, and founded CAGW's National Taxpayers' Action Day. In 1991, he served as Interim President of Alabama A&M University, in Huntsville, Alabama.[27]

Contributions to the Reagan Administration

Among the U.S. delegation to the 1984 World Population Conference in Mexico City, Keyes was selected by Reagan as deputy chairman. In that capacity, Keyes negotiated the language of the Mexico City Policy to withhold federal funds from international organizations that support abortion.[28][29] Additionally, Keyes fought against an Arab-backed UN resolution calling for investigation of Israeli settlements. The measure passed 83-2, with 15 abstentions and only Israel and the U.S. voting against it.[30] Reagan again appointed Keyes to represent the U.S. in the 1985 Women's Conference in Nairobi.[29]

During his time at the United States Department of State, Keyes defended the Reagan policy opposing the imposition of economic sanctions on South Africa as punishment for apartheid.[31] Stated Keyes, "I see the black people in South Africa as the most critical positive factor for eliminating apartheid and building the future of that country ... And that is not something you do with rhetoric, slogans and noninvolvement. It's not something you will achieve through disinvestment."[23]

Political campaigns

Maryland Senate campaign 1988 and 1992

In 1988, Keyes was drafted by the Maryland Republican Party to run for the United States Senate, and received 38 percent of the vote against incumbent Democrat Paul Sarbanes, who ended up winning the election.[32] Four years later, he ran again for the Senate from Maryland, coming in first in a field of 13 candidates in the Republican primary. Against Democrat Barbara Mikulski, he received 29 percent in the general election.[33]

During the 1992 election, Keyes attracted controversy and scorn when he took a $8,463/month salary from his campaign fund.[34]

U.S. Presidential election campaign 1996

Keyes sought the Republican presidential nomination in 1996,[35] in an effort to force abortion to the center of America's public policy debate. Many Republican leaders saw this as unnecessary and divisive.[36] Keyes was particularly critical of Clinton during his campaign, saying, "This guy lies, but he lies with passion." He questioned whether a Republican candidate who is truthful, yet cold and heartless, had a chance to win against the incumbent.[37] However, Keyes was especially critical of Pat Buchanan, once saying during an interview on the Talk from the Heart program with Al Kresta simulcast on KJSL-AM St. Louis and WMUZ-FM Detroit that Buchanan had a "black [evil] heart". Keyes' entry into the Republican race after Buchanan had secured victories in New Hampshire and Louisiana led many to believe that Keyes was a stalking horse for neoconservative elements in the G.O.P., since Buchanan had been a well-known ardent foe of abortion and had suffered political fallout for bringing abortion and "cultural war" to the center of the public policy debate. Later during the primaries, Keyes was briefly detained by Atlanta police when he tried to force his way into a debate to which he had not been invited. He was never formally arrested and was eventually picked up 20 minutes later by Atlanta's Mayor at the time, Bill Campbell.[38][39]

U.S. Presidential election campaign 2000

Keyes again campaigned for the Republican nomination in the 2000 primaries on a pro-life, "family values", tax reform plank.[40] In Iowa, he finished 3rd, drawing 14 percent[41] in a crowded field. He stayed in the race after the early rounds and debated the two remaining candidates, John McCain and George W. Bush, in a number of nationally-televised debates. Polls on many television stations went as far as declaring Keyes the "clear winner" of the debates.[42] His best showing in the presidential primaries was in Utah, where he received 20 percent of the vote.[43]. He was also noted for jumping into a mosh pit during the Iowa caucus as part of a segment on Michael Moore's TV series The Awful Truth.

Illinois Senate campaign 2004

Main article: Illinois United States Senate election, 2004

On August 8, 2004 – with 86 days to go before the general election – the Illinois Republican Party drafted Alan Keyes to run against Democrat Barack Obama for the U.S. Senate, after the Republican nominee, Jack Ryan, withdrew due to a sex scandal, and other potential draftees (most notably former Chicago Bears coach Mike Ditka) declined to run. The Washington Post called Keyes a "carpetbagger"[44] since he "had never lived in Illinois."[45][46] When asked to answer charges of carpetbagging in the context of his earlier criticism of Hillary Clinton, he called her campaign "pure and planned selfish ambition", but stated that in his case he felt a moral obligation to run after being asked to by the state GOP. "You are doing what you believe to be required by your respect for God's will, and I think that that's what I'm doing in Illinois".[47]

Keyes, who opposes abortion in all cases,[48] said in a September 7, 2004 news conference that Jesus Christ would not vote for Obama[49] because of votes that Obama, a member of the Illinois Senate Judiciary committee and a lecturer in constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School, cast in in 2001 against anti-abortion legislation (a package of three bills: SB1093, SB1094, SB1095) sponsored by Republican State Senator Patrick O'Malley, that Obama argued was too broad and was unconstitutional. The anti-abortion legislation, which also included legal rights for fetuses who survive an abortion and are born alive[50] but was opposed by the Illinois State Medical Society[citation needed], passed the Republican-controlled Illinois Senate, but failed to pass out of the Democratic-controlled Illinois House Judiciary committee.[51] After the election, Keyes declined to congratulate Obama, explaining that his refusal to congratulate Obama was "not anything personal", but was meant to make a statement against "extend[ing] false congratulations to the triumph of what we have declared to be across the line" of reasonable propriety. He said that Obama's position on moral issues regarding life and the family had crossed that line. "I'm supposed to make a call that represents the congratulations toward the triumph of that which I believe ultimately stands for ... a culture evil enough to destroy the very soul and heart of my country? I cannot do this. And I will not make a false gesture," Keyes said.[52]

Keyes was also criticized for his views on homosexuality. In an interview with Michelangelo Signorile, a gay radio host, Keyes defined homosexuality as centering in the pursuit of pleasure, literally "selfish hedonism". When Signorile asked if Mary Cheney, Vice President Dick Cheney's avowed lesbian daughter, fit the description and was therefore a "selfish hedonist", Keyes replied, "Of course she is. That goes by definition."[53] Media sources picked up on the exchange, claiming that Keyes had "trashed", "attacked," and "lashed out at" Mary Cheney, and had called her a "sinner" – provoking condemnation of Keyes by gay Republicans and several GOP leaders.[54][55] Keyes noted that it was an interviewer, not he, who brought up Mary Cheney's name in the above incident, and he told reporters, "You have tried to personalize the discussion of an issue that I did not personalize. The people asking me the question did so, and if that's inappropriate, blame the media. Do not blame me."[56][57][58]

During the campaign, Keyes outlined an alternative to reparations for slavery. His specific suggestion was that, for a period of one or two generations, African-Americans who were descended from slaves would be exempt from the federal income tax (though not from the FICA tax that supports Social Security).[59] Keyes said the experiment "would become a demonstration project for what I believe needs to be done for the whole country, which is to get rid of the income tax."[60]

Keyes finished with 27 percent of the vote[61] despite winning a small number of southern Illinois counties.[62] Keyes stated the view that U.S. Senators should be appointed by state legislatures and no longer elected by the people, which would in essence be a repeal of the 17th Amendment.[63][64][65]

U.S. Presidential election campaign 2008

See also: Alan Keyes presidential campaign, 2008 and United States presidential election, 2008

On June 5, 2007, We Need Alan Keyes for President was formed as a political action committee to encourage Keyes to enter the 2008 United States Presidential Election.[66] On September 14, 2007, Keyes officially announced his candidacy in an interview with radio show host Janet Parshall.[67] On September 17, 2007, Keyes participated in the Values Voter Debate streamed live on Skyangel, the Values Voter website, and radio. In a straw poll of the attending audience, Keyes placed third among the invited candidates, after Mike Huckabee and Ron Paul.[68] Keyes was excluded from the Republican CNN/YouTube debate on November 28, 2007. Keyes' campaign response called the exclusion, "arbitrary, unfair, and presumptuous" arguing that CNN was playing the role of "gatekeeper" for the presidential election.[69]

On December 12, 2007, Keyes participated in the Des Moines Register's Republican presidential debate that was televised nationwide by PBS and carried by the cable news networks. This was the first major presidential debate that Keyes participated in during the 2008 election season and it also was the last Republican debate before the Iowa Caucuses.[70][71] Although Keyes wasn't listed on the latest national CNN poll leading up to the debate,[72] he registered with at least 1 percent of the Iowa vote in order to participate.[73] During the debate, after the moderator began to ask a question of Texas Congressman Ron Paul, Keyes insisted he wasn't getting fair treatment. He interrupted the debate moderator at one point, saying that she hadn't called on him in several rounds and that he had to make an issue of it.[74] He went on the offensive against his opponents during the debate, criticizing Rudy Giuliani's pro-choice position, as well as Mitt Romney's recent change in position on the same subject. In answering a question about global warming, he continued his criticisms of other candidates, saying, "I'm in favor of reducing global warming, because I think the most important emission we need to control is the hot air emission of politicians who pretend one thing and don't deliver".[71] He also advocated ending the income tax, establishing state-sanctioned prayer in public schools, and abolishing abortion.[74] Toward the end of the debate, Keyes stated he could not support Giuliani if he were to win the nomination due to the former New York mayor's position on abortion.[75]

In the Iowa caucuses, Keyes did not appear on any of the election totals.[76] Keyes stated that many of the caucus locations he visited did not list him as a choice. His campaign CEO, Stephen Stone blamed much of this on the Keyes' decision to enter the race late and the media. Stone explained that the media would not acknowledge Keyes' candidacy, making it difficult to run an effective campaign.[76]

Keyes supports a marriage amendment to the Constitution.[77] He stated he would not have gone to war in Iraq,[78] but also said that the war was justified[79] and defended President George W. Bush's decision in one of his 2004 debates.[80] Keyes has stated that troops should stay in Iraq,[81] but also said that he would have turned over operations to the United Nations.[82] However, Keyes has also stated that even while he was an ambassador there he was not a supporter of the United Nations.[83]

After the early states, Keyes exclusively campaigned in Texas,[84] where he finished with 0.62 percent of all votes cast.[85]

Following Texas, the Keyes campaign moved to seeking the Constitution Party nomination, but he continued to appear on several Republican ballots. On May 6, Keyes scored his best showing of the campaign by winning 2.7% for fourth place in North Carolina, earning him two delegates to the Republican National Convention.

Departure from the Republican Party

Keyes did not withdraw his candidacy after John McCain won the necessary 1,191 delegates to the Republican National Convention, even though he was no longer campaigning for the Republican nomination.[84] On March 27, 2008, Keyes' campaign website began displaying the Constitution party's logo, along with a parody of the trademarked GOP logo in the form of a dead elephant.[86] This appeared to be an indication of Keyes' intentions to quit the Republican party and to begin officially seeking the Constitution Party's presidential nomination.

On April 15, Keyes confirmed his split from the GOP and his intention to explore the candidacy of the Constitution Party.[87][88] He lost his bid for the party's nomination, however, coming in second to 2004 CP vice presidential candidate Chuck Baldwin at the party's national convention in Kansas City, Missouri on April 26, 2008.[89] During the convention, the party's founder, Howard Phillips, gave a controversial speech in which he referred to Keyes as "the Neocon candidate" who "lingered in the Republican Party until a week ago."[90] Following the defeat, Keyes held an interview with Mike Ferguson[91] in which he compared his defeat to an abortion.[92] Later, Keyes told a group of his supporters that he was "prayerfully considering" making a continued bid for the presidency as an independent candidate, [93]and asserted his refusal to endorse Baldwin's candidacy.[94]

Instead, Keyes has formed a new third party, America's Independent Party, for his presidential candidacy. America's Independent Party gained the affiliation of California's American Independent Party and thus became the third-largest political party in the United States by registered voters, passing the Constitution Party. However, the AIP ticket, which may have either Rev. Wiley Drake of California or Brian Rohrbough of Colorado as its vice presidential candidate, will only be on the ballot in California, Colorado, and Florida.

His candidacy has been endorsed by the Christian Falangist Party of America.[95]

Media and advocacy

Keyes has worked as a media commentator and talk show personality. In 1994, he began hosting a syndicated radio show called The Alan Keyes Show: America's Wake-Up Call from Arlington, Virginia. The show became simulcast on cable in 1997.[96] Keyes also launched various web-based organizations — notably Renew America and the Declaration Foundation, both headquartered in Washington, D.C.

In 2002, he hosted a live television commentary show, Alan Keyes is Making Sense, on the MSNBC cable news channel.[97] The network canceled the show in July, citing poor ratings.[98] The cancellation triggered a currently ongoing boycott lead by Jewish activism website Mesora.org that numbers more than 72,000 members.[99] The show was unsympathetic to supporters of the al-Aqsa Intifadah – whom Keyes frequently debated on the program – and supported the Israeli crackdown on Palestinians. The show also featured critical discussion of homosexuality and of priests accused in the Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandals. The last episode was broadcast on June 27, 2002. As a result of Keyes' strong advocacy of Israel on his MSNBC show, in July 2002 the state of Israel awarded him a special honor "in appreciation of his journalistic endeavors and his integrity in reporting"[100] and flew him to meet Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, as well as spend four days touring Israeli military installations.

In August 2003, Keyes came out in defense of Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore, citing both the U.S. Constitution and the Alabama constitution as sanctioning Moore's (and Alabama's) authority to publicly display the Ten Commandments in the state's judicial building, in defiance of a court order from U.S. District Judge Myron Thompson.[101][102] Although the monument was ultimately removed by state authorities, the issue impelled Keyes to spend the next year advocating his understanding of the Constitution's protection of the right of states to display monuments that reflect the religious sentiments of the people in their states. As a result, he published an essay describing his rationale titled "On the establishment of religion: What the Constitution really says."[103]

In early 2005, Keyes sought to intervene in the battle over the life of Terri Schiavo, arguing that Schiavo's life was protected by the Florida constitution, and that Governor Jeb Bush had final authority to determine the outcome of the case under state provisions. He attempted to meet with Bush to discuss the provisions of Florida law that authorized the governor to order Schiavo's feeding tubes reinserted – something Bush claimed he wished to do, but for which he said he lacked authority – but the governor declined to meet with Keyes. Keyes subsequently wrote an essay directed openly at Governor Bush titled "Judicial review and executive responsibility",[104] days after Schiavo's feeding tube had been removed.

In November 2006, Keyes criticized Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney for instituting gay marriage entirely on his own – according to Keyes – with no requirement or authority to do so under Massachusetts law. Keyes said Romney's actions, which he suggested were due to a complete misunderstanding of his role as governor and of the limitations of the judicial branch of government, were not necessitated by a ruling of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in November 2003 that directed the state legislature to institute same-sex marriage. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial court had ruled that the state law banning same-sex marriage was not constitutional.[105] The court gave the Massachusetts Legislature 180 days to modify the law; after it failed to do so, Gov. Mitt Romney ordered town clerks to begin issuing marriage licenses on May 17, 2004, in compliance with the court ruling.[106]

Commenting on the issue, Keyes asked rhetorically, "Since the legislature has not acted on the subject, you might be wondering how it is that homosexuals are being married in Massachusetts. It's because Mitt Romney, who is telling people he's an opponent of same-sex marriage, forced the justices of the peace and others to perform same-sex marriage, all on his own, with no authorization or requirement from the court. Tells you how twisted our politicians have become."[107]

Keyes currently serves on the Board of Advisors for the Catholic League, a non-profit, Roman Catholic, advocacy group headed by William A. Donohue. He is also on the advisory board of Eagle Forum and the American Coalition of Life Activists. Keyes made a widely discussed appearance in the 2006 film Borat.[108][109][110][111][112][113]

In May 2008, Keyes spoke at an arch-conservative "Shake the Nation" rally in Idaho which included controversial evangelist Scott Lively, leader of the violent anti-gay group Watchmen on the Walls and co-author of The Pink Swastika.[114]

Keyes is currently involved in the promotion of the "Save America Summit"., which is a venture of the Constitution Party, the Separatist organization Christian Exodus, and several "confrontational evangelists" such as Wiley Drake and Flip Benham.

Further reading

  • Masters of the Dream: The Strength and Betrayal of Black America by Alan Keyes, William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-688-09599-2
  • Our Character, Our Future by Alan Keyes, Zondervan, 1996. ISBN 0-310-20816-5
  • The Jerusalem Alternative: Moral Clarity for Ending the Arab-Israeli Conflict by Dmitry Radyshevsky (Editor), Jenny Grigg (Editor), 2004. ISBN 0-89221-592-5 Contains speeches from the inaugural Jerusalem Summit, featuring: Richard Perle, Benjamin Netanyahu, Alan Keyes, Daniel Pipes, and other leading intellectual and political leaders.
  • Leadership Defined: In-Depth Interviews with America's Top Leadership Experts by Richard Tyler, Alexander M. Haig, Warren Bennis, Alan Keyes, 2004. ISBN 1-932863-10-9
  • Judicial Tyranny by Mark Sutherland, William J. Federer, Dave Meyer, 2005. ISBN 0-9753455-6-7 Features conservative perspectives on the United States judicial system from Mark Sutherland, US Attorney General Ed Meese, Ambassador Alan Keyes, Dave Meyer, Phyllis Schlafly, the Honorable Howard Phillips, Alan Sears, William Federer, Ben DuPre, Rev. Rick Scarborough, David Gibbs, Mathew Staver, Don Feder and Herb Titus.

References

  1. ^ Tricia Miller (2008-02-05). "Previewing Connecticut", MSNBC. Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 
  2. ^ Marc Fisher (2005-02-13). "When Sexuality Undercuts A Family's Ties", The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 
  3. ^ a b "Alan Keyes on C-SPAN's Road to the White House" (1999-09-09). Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
  4. ^ "Race for the Presidency: Alan Keyes". The Boston Globe. Retrieved on 2007-12-10.
  5. ^ Kovner, Rachel P. (February 3, 2000). "Fifteen Minutes: This Man Is Running For President: What Alan Keyes Learned at Harvard". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  6. ^ Bloom, Allan (Simon & Schuster, 1987). The Closing of the American Mind ISBN 0-671-65715-1 p. 316
  7. ^ America's wake-up call? Alan Keyes strikes a chord with Iowa voters Jan. 25, 2000
  8. ^ http://www.keyesarchives.com/transcript.php?id=40
  9. ^ "Arlington National Cemetery - Allison L. Keyes". Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  10. ^ "WGN "News at 9" segment on Alan Keyes". renewamerica.us (2004-09-20). Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
  11. ^ http://catholicknight.blogspot.com/.../alan-keyes-is-3rd-degree-knight.html
  12. ^ "2008 Presidential Candidates". [1] (2008). Retrieved on 2008-06-03.
  13. ^ "Alan Keyes' daughter:I'm a 'liberal queer'".
  14. ^ "Alan Keyes' Daughter Coming Out".
  15. ^ "Maya Keyes (Alan Keyes' Daughter) Sets the Record Gay in Interview Exclusive".
  16. ^ William O'Bryan and Randy Shulman (2005-02-24). "Maya Keyes: Her Father's Daughter". Metro Weekly. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
  17. ^ "Alan Keyes on the Bill Haft show WBOB 1320 AM". Bill Haft show (2007-10-02). Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
  18. ^ "WGN "News at 9" segment on Alan Keyes". renewamerica.us (2004-09-20). Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  19. ^ "CNN Transcript of American Morning: Keyes Discusses his Senate Candidacy" (2004-08-11). Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
  20. ^ http://www.keyesarchives.com/transcript.php?id=368
  21. ^ http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~karenhsu/articles_clean/Alan_Keyes
  22. ^ www.nndb.com/people/092/000025017
  23. ^ a b "Undiplomatic Diplomat: Outspoken Black Ambassador May Get Top State Department Post" (1985-06-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  24. ^ "Tavis Smiley . Special Feature . All-American Presidential Forums . Republican Candidates: Alan Keyes". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  25. ^ "Ronald Reagan's Remarks at a Fundraising Luncheon for Senatorial Candidate Alan Keyes in Baltimore, Maryland" (1988-10-26). Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  26. ^ "Alan Keyes, Resident Scholar in Foreign Policy Studies, American Enterprise Institute".
  27. ^ "AMBASSADOR ALAN KEYES". Ambassador Speakers Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  28. ^ Alan Keyes (2007-09-17). "Values Voter Presidential Debate, September 17, 2007, Fort Lauderdale, Florida". Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  29. ^ a b "Major Issues Lecture: The United Nations and American Foreign Policy" (1989-03-09). Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  30. ^ "Panel Issues Slap Against Israel". The Capital (1984-08-14). Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  31. ^ Lowry, Rich (1995-05-01). "Word of mouth - Republican presidential hopeful Alan Keyes". National Review. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  32. ^ Dallas L. Dendy Jr. (1989-04-20). Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, p.19. 
  33. ^ Dallas L. Dendy Jr. (1995-05-31). Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, p.31. 
  34. ^ The Buying of the President 2008 : Archives : The Buying of the President 2000 - Alan Keyes
  35. ^ Richard Lacayo. "Bottoming out in the presidential race can still pay off big time for the losing candidates". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  36. ^ "The Republicans". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  37. ^ Kevin Sack (1996-01-28). "3 Republicans Seek a Boost in Louisiana". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  38. ^ "Alan Keyes joins GOP '08 field.". United Press International (2007-09-15). Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
  39. ^ "Presidential Candidate Alan Keyes Restrained, Barred From Debate". Democracy Now! Radio Program (1996-03-03). Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  40. ^ "'We Need Alan Keyes for President' Website Launched". Retrieved on 2007-12-10.
  41. ^ "Dem. & GOP Caucuses: Iowa". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  42. ^ "The Hillary Walker Agency, Biography of Alan Keyes".
  43. ^ "CNN Dem. & GOP Presidential Primaries: Utah". CNN. Retrieved on 2007-12-11.
  44. ^ "Mr. Keyes the Carpetbagger". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  45. ^ "Ill. GOP Watches Take-No-Prisoners Campaign". Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  46. ^ "In Illinois, Obama defeats Keyes in race called 1 of the strangest in state's history". Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  47. ^ Keyes had strongly accused Hillary Clinton in 2000 for carpetbagging in New York. Alan Keyes on the Tavis Smiley Show (NPR)
  48. ^ Associated Press (October 22, 2004). "Senate debate gets personal in battle over moral issues", Herald & Review (Decatur, Illinois), p. A10. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 
  49. ^ Ford, Liam; Mendell, David (September 8, 2004). "Jesus wouldn't vote for Obama, Keyes says", Chicago Tribune, p. 3 (Metro). Retrieved on 2008-03-03.  Erickson, Kurt (September 9, 2004). "Obama wants to focus on issues, not theology", Pantagraph. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 
  50. ^ Illinois General Assembly. "92nd General Assembly Status of SB1093". Retrieved on 2008-07-12. 
  51. ^ Koranda, Jeannie (March 31, 2001). "Senate OKs limits on abortion", Herald & Review (Decatur, Illinois), p. A1. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.  Chesley, Nancy (May 10, 2001). "Committee rejects birth bill; Opponents brand it as abortion curb", Herald & Review (Decatur, Illinois), p. A3. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.  Associated Press (May 10, 2001). "Illinois House panel defeats abortion legislation OK'd by Senate", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. C5. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 
  52. ^ "Alan Keyes on the Scott Thomas Show, WYLL". renewamerica.us (2004-11-04). Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  53. ^ "Interview on homosexuality with Sirius OutQ".
  54. ^ "Keyes: Cheney's gay daughter practicing 'selfish hedonism'". Associated Press via MSNBC (2004-09-02). Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  55. ^ Skalka,Jennifer and Casillas,Ofelia (2004-08-31). "Keyes Defends Comments About Cheney's Daughter". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
  56. ^ Pallasch, Abdon (2004-09-02). "Topinka says he should apologize for 'idiotic' comment". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  57. ^ Keyes,Alan (2004-08-31). "Alan Keyes Discusses Homosexuality". RenewAmerica.us.
  58. ^ Mostert, Mary (2004-09-04). "Alan Keyes teaches sex education lesson to homosexual interviewer". Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  59. ^ Benedikt, Allison & Mendell, David (August 17, 2004), "Keyes has plan for reparations", Chicago Tribune, <http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chicago/chi-0408170208aug17,1,3966582.story?ctrack=1&cset=true> 
  60. ^ Kresta,Al (2004-09-09). "Alan Keyes on Kresta in the Afternoon (audio)".
  61. ^ "Elections 2004". The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2008-02-09.
  62. ^ CNN.com Election 2004
  63. ^ Ubersite - Alan Keyes-What The Fuck?
  64. ^ The Volokh Conspiracy - Senate Competence and Confirmations:
  65. ^ The New Media Journal | Think Political Parties Are Destroying America? Thank the 17th Amendment! by Warner Todd Huston
  66. ^ "ChristianNewswire.com 'We Need Alan Keyes for President' Website Launched".
  67. ^ "RenewAmerica.us Alan Keyes announces for President!".
  68. ^ "Values Voters Pick Huckabee".
  69. ^ Jonathan Klein (2007-11-27). "CNN poised to exclude Alan Keyes from Florida debate". America's Revival: Alan Keyes for President. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  70. ^ "CNN Student News Transcript, December 13, 2007". CNN (2007-12-12). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  71. ^ a b Rick Pearson and John Chase (2007-12-12). "Republicans Debate in Iowa". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  72. ^ "CNN Opinion Research Poll, December 6-9, 2007". CNN (2007-12-10). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  73. ^ "Keyes makes major debate debut". CNN (2007-12-12). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  74. ^ a b Robin Abcarian (2007-12-13). "Hardly seen Keyes shows up for GOP debate". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  75. ^ "CNN Transcripts: Des Moines Register Presidential Debate: The Republicans". CNN.com (2007-12-12). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  76. ^ a b Tommy Birch (2008-01-03). "Keyes garners little support in Iowa". Retrieved on 2008-01-21.
  77. ^ Alan Keyes on Civil Rights
  78. ^ Alan Keyes on War & Peace
  79. ^ Alan Keyes on War & Peace
  80. ^ Alan Keyes on War & Peace
  81. ^ Alan Keyes on War & Peace
  82. ^ Alan Keyes on War & Peace
  83. ^ Alan Keyes on Foreign Policy
  84. ^ a b Noodoo, Jemimah. Enterprise Q&A: Alan Keyes discusses chances of his third shot at U.S. presidency. The Beaumont Enterprise. 2008-02-08. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
  85. ^ "2008 Republican Party Primary Election, Election Night Returns". Office of the Secretary of State of Texas (2008-03-07). Retrieved on 2008-04-08.
  86. ^ Alan Keyes for President. We Need Alan Keyes for President, Inc.
  87. ^ "Keyes leaves GOP, looks at Constitution Party", USA Today.com. April 15 2008
  88. ^ "At Hazleton event, Keyes announces bid for president", standardspeaker.com. April 15, 2008
  89. ^ "Constitution Party stunner: Chuck Baldwin KOs firebrand Alan Keyes", KansasCity Star. April 26, 2008
  90. ^ Howard Phillips endorses Chuck Baldwin at Constitution Party Convention
  91. ^ http://www.mikefergusononline.com
  92. ^ "A Post-Convention Interview with Alan Keyes", ConservativePulse.com. April 26 2008
  93. ^ Hill, Trent "Keyes' Continuing Candidacy", Third Party Watch.com. April 27, 2008
  94. ^ Kraske, Steve "Constitution Party stunner II: Keyes won't back Chuck Baldwin for president, suggests party used him", KansasCity Star. April 30, 2008
  95. ^ What's New in the CFPA
  96. ^ "AlanKeyes.com - Media figure".
  97. ^ "Transcripts of "Alan Keyes is Making Sense"".
  98. ^ "WorldNetDaily - Keyes' ratings better than replacement".
  99. ^ "Keyes vs. MSNBC over Israel". US News & World Report (2002-07-13). Retrieved on 2007-12-10.
  100. ^ "Keyes in Israel".
  101. ^ "Ten Commandments rally in Alabama".
  102. ^ "Montgomery Advertiser - Ten Commandments Case".
  103. ^ "On the establishment of religion: What the Constitution really says".
  104. ^ "Judicial review and executive responsibility".
  105. ^ "Hillary GOODRIDGE & others vs. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH & another. SJC-08860". Massachusetts Government (2003-11-18).
  106. ^ See Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts for further details.
  107. ^ "A God & Country Day Address".
  108. ^ "Sacha Baron Cohen -- the Real Borat -- Finally Speaks : Rolling Stone". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  109. ^ "'Borat' is one fine make good movie, yes?". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  110. ^ "In Your Face"Borat" and "Volver."". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  111. ^ Virginia Rohan. "'Borat': Is he hilarious, or just offensive?". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  112. ^ J. Hoberman. "Fallow Traveler". Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
  113. ^ Richard Corliss (2006-09-13). "Borat Takes Toronto". Time Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-12-10.
  114. ^ http://www.idahopress.com/news/?id=8395 'Shake the Nation' shakes up local leaders

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Persondata
NAME Keyes, Alan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION American political activist, author, and presidential candidate
DATE OF BIRTH August 7, 1950
PLACE OF BIRTH Long Island, New York, United States
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
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