Waingapu is the largest town in the eastern half of the island of Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It is the capital town of the Regency of Sumba Timur.
Administrative divisions
The town comprises two administrative districts of the regency, sub-divided into 11 urban (kelurahan) and 4 rural (desa) villages. The western part is the administrative Waingapu Town District, while the eastern part is the separate Kambera District. Their areas and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses are tabled below, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.[1]
| Name of District (kecamatan) |
Area in km2 |
Pop'n Census 2010 |
Pop'n Census 2020 |
Pop'n Estimate mid 2022 |
Post code |
Villages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kambera (a) | 52.0 | 31,137 | 33,466 | 33,998 | 87113-87116 | Kambaniru, Kiri Tana (Kiritana), Lambanapu, Malumbi, Mau Hau (Mauhau), Mauliru, Prailiu and Wangga.[2] |
| Kota Waingapu (b) | 73.8 | 35,142 | 35,856 | 36,062 | 87111, 87112 and 87116 | Hambala, Kamalaputi, Kambajawa, Lukukamaru, Matawa, Mbatakapidu (Mbataka Pidu), Pambotandjara (Pambola Njara / Pambotanjara).[3] |
| Totals | 125.8 | 66,279 | 69,333 | 70,060 |
Notes:
- (a) Kambera comprises 7 rural villages and 1 urban village.
- (b) Kota Waingapu comprises 4 rural villages (kelurahan) and 3 urban villages (desa).
Transportation
Plane
East Sumba's Waingapu Airport 'Umbu Mehang Kunda' (IATA: WGP - ICAO: WRRW) is located in Waingapu.
Boat
The town is served by ferries from nearby islands.[4]
The Pelni Company runs two ferries through Waingapu. The KM Awu runs every two weeks on the two-way itinenary Benoa (Bali) – Bima (Sumbawa) – Waingapu – Ende (Flores) – Savu – Rote Island – Kupang (West Timor) – Larantuka (Flores) – Kalabahi (Alor Island). The smaller KM Wilis runs more or less every week on the two-way itinenary Batulicin (Borneo) – Makassar (South Sulawesi) – Labuan Bajo (Flores) – Waikelo (Waitabula, Kota Tambolaka district, Sumba Barat Daya regency) – Waingapu – Ende – Kupang – Kalabahi. Both use the new port (in front of the old port but 7 km by land between the two ports).[4]
The Sabuk Nusantara Company runs various freight and passenger boats linking Waingapu and Waikelo with Sumbawa, Flores and Timor about once a week (n° 79 generally for Waingapu and n° 49 for Waikelo). There is no fixed departure time.[4]
ASDP Indonesia Ferry has small ferries that do not run when the sea gets somewhat rough. It uses the port located 2 km beyond the new port and 9 km from town. Leaving from Waingapu, it does return trips twice a week to Aimere, once a week to Ende, once a week to Savu and three times a week to Kupang.[4]
Waingapu is the only port in the island that can accommodate oil tankers - which often run late.[4]
Bus
Waingapu is the only town that has two bus stations on its periphery, one in the south and one in the west, each about 5 km out of town. But almost all buses depart from the old “Terminal Kota” in the town center, near the market or on Jalan El Tari; they probably stop by in the bus stations.[4]
Climate
Waingapu has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with relatively cooler dry season and hotter wet season. It has high humidity year round. It is the driest place in Indonesia with only 810 millimetres (32 in) of rain yearly.
| Climate data for Waingapu | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) |
32 (90) |
32 (90) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
32 (90) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
31.9 (89.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27 (81) |
26 (79) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28 (82) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.3 (81.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
21 (70) |
20 (68) |
20 (68) |
21 (70) |
23 (73) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
22.6 (72.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 170 (6.7) |
160 (6.3) |
145 (5.7) |
70 (2.8) |
35 (1.4) |
25 (1.0) |
10 (0.4) |
5 (0.2) |
5 (0.2) |
10 (0.4) |
40 (1.6) |
135 (5.3) |
810 (32) |
| Source: Climates To Travel[5] | |||||||||||||
History
Wainyapu, a Kodi[a] village, has some 1,400 dolmens - one of the highest concentrations on Sumba where about 100 megalithic tombs are still built each year (as of 2021). These tombs are more frequent in the west part of Sumba,[7] inhabited by segmentary societies made of clans and of politically autonomous villages.[8]
About 5 km south of Waingapu, the prehistorical site of Lambanapu has been dated at around 2,800 BCE.[9]
Notes
References
- ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Kabupaten Sumba Timur Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5311)
- ^ "Kecamatan Kambera". nomor.net. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ "Kecamatan Kota Wainapu". nomor.net. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ a b c d e f "Transports vers & dans Sumba". sumba-information.eu (in French). Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- ^ "Climate - Sumba". Retrieved January 8, 2020.
- ^ Jeunesse et al. 2021, § 4.
- ^ Jeunesse, Christian; Bec-Drelon, Noisette; Boulestin, Bruno; Denaire, Anthony (2021). "Aspects de la gestion des dolmens et des tombes collectives actuels dans les sociétés de l'île de Sumba (Indonésie)" [Ethnoarchaeology of funeral practices: aspects of the management of current dolmens and collective tombs in the tribal societies of Sumba Island (Indonesia)]. Préhistoires méditerranéennes. 9 (2): 165-179 (see § 8). Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Jeunesse et al. 2021, § 6.
- ^ Handini, Retno; Noerwidi, Sofwan; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Fauzi, Ruly; Prasetyo, Unggul; Geria, I Made; Ririmasse, Marlon; Nasution, Devi Ayu Aurora; Rahayuni, Restu Ambar; Simanjuntak, Truman (July–August 2023). "New evidence on the early human occupation in Sumba Islands" [Nouvelles preuves de l'occupation humaine précoce dans les îles de Sumba]. L'Anthropologie. 127 (3). Retrieved 2024-06-15.
External links
- "Waingapu". waingapu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-06-15.
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