The Tyniec Sacramentary is an Ottonian illuminated manuscript written in ca. 1072–75, probably near Cologne.[3]
History
It is one of the oldest surviving codices in Poland, where it first arrived during the Middle Ages, kept in Poland for almost 1,000 years.[3] It was transcribed and decorated with illuminations in Cologne, probably at the Monastery of St Pantaleon around 1072–75.[3] Shortly afterwards or in the 12th century it offered to the Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec near Cracow.[3] It was stolen during the Swedish invasion in the 17th century.[2] Repurchased in Cracow, it returned to Tyniec.[2] In 1814 the manuscript was bought from the monks by Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski and included in the library of the Zamoyski family in the Blue Palace in Warsaw.[2][3]
During World War II the Nazis tried to take the manuscript to Berlin, but thanks to the endeavours of librarians, scholars and diplomats, they left it in the Zamoyski Library.[2] After the Warsaw Uprising the manuscript was secretly evacuated and hidden in the collegiate church at Łowicz.[2] After the war in 1946, Jan Zamoyski, the final owner of the Zamoyski family fee tail, deposited the family library with the National Library of Poland.[3][2] Since May 2024, the manuscript has been exhibited at the permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth in Warsaw.[4][3]
Description
The Sacramentary contains prayers for the priest celebrating Mass[2]. Magnificently decorated, it is one of the most precious artefacts of the Ottonian manuscript painting school.[2][3][5] The sumptuous form of The Sacramentary indicates that the codex belonged to the so-called king’s manuscripts, which reflected the monarchy’s splendour.[2]
The manuscript consists of 470 pages.[2] 38 of them is written in gold and silver on purple-stained parchment pages.[3][2] Pages 7–30 contains a calendar.[1] The manuscript contains 13 decorated initials (two full-page plaited initials) and two fullpage miniatures – the Crucifixion and the Maiestas Domini.[2][3] It also contains the oldest musical notation in Poland in chironomic form.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e "Sacramentarium Tinecense". Polona. National Library of Poland. Retrieved 2024-06-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n More precious than gold 2003, section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Makowski & Sapała 2024, p. 24–25.
- ^ "Palace of the Commonwealth open to visitors". National Library of Poland. 2024-05-28. Retrieved 2024-06-11.
- ^ Beuckers, Klaus Gereon; Bihrer, Andreas (2018-08-13). Das Sakramentar aus Tyniec: Eine Prachthandschrift des 11. Jahrhunderts und die Beziehungen zwischen Köln und Polen in der Zeit Kasimirs des Erneuerers (in German). Böhlau Köln. p. 374. ISBN 978-3-412-50314-7.
Bibliography
- Makowski, Tomasz; Sapała, Patryk, eds. (2024). The Palace of the Commonwealth. Three times opened. Treasures from the National Library of Poland at the Palace of the Commonwealth. Warsaw: National Library of Poland.
- Tchórzewska-Kabata, Halina; Dąbrowski, Maciej, eds. (2003). More precious than gold. Treasures of the Polish National Library (electronic version) (PDF). Translated by Dorosz, Janina. Warsaw: National Library of Poland. ISBN 83-7009-402-3.
External links
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