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Toksovo (Russian: Во́ксово; Finnish: Toksova) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Vsevolozhsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located 20 kilometers (12 mi) to the north of St. Petersburg on the Karelian Isthmus. It is served by two neighboring stations of the Saint Petersburg-Khiytola railroad: Toksovo (constructed in 1917) and Kavgolovo (1929) (which serves a popular ski resort). Population: 6,127 (2010 Russian census);[3] 5,893 (2002 Census);[7] 5,699 (1989 Soviet census).[8]

History

Toksovo was first mentioned in chronicles in 1500. At the time, it belonged to Vodskaya Pyatina, one of the five pyatinas Novgorod Lands were subdivided into. In 1583, after the Livonian War, it became Swedish. In 1708, in the Great Northern War, it was conquered by Russia.[9] In the same year, it was included into Saint Petersburg Governorate, and later on became a part of Shlisselburgsky Uyezd. In 1914, the governorate was renamed Petrograd Governorate.

In the 19th century, the region became a ski resort and a dacha place, known as the "Finnish Switzerland" or "Saint Petersburg Switzerland."

After the October Revolution, North Ingria, including Toksovo, seceded from Bolshevist Russia, but was reincorporated with the Treaty of Tartu at the end of 1920. On February 14, 1923 Shlisselburgsky Uyezd was merged into Petrogradsky Uyezd. In January, 1924 the uyezd and the governorate were renamed Leningradsky/Leningrad.[10]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Kuyvozovsky District, with the administrative center in the village of Kuyvozy, was established. The district was inhabited by Ingrian Finns, with Finnish being the official language (since 1931). On October 30, 1930, the district center was transferred to Toksovo, which at the time being had a status of suburban settlement. On March 20, 1936 Kuyvozovsky District was renamed Toksovsky. On February 22, 1939 Toksovsky District was abolished and merged into Pargolovsky District.[11] On April 3, 1954 Pargolovsky District was abolished, and Toksovo was transferred to Vsevolozhsky District. On May 13, 1963 Toksovo was granted urban-type settlement status.[2]

In 1937, a large ski ramp was built in Toksovo, and in the late 1950s another one, which at the time was the largest ski jump of Europe and the fourth largest of the world. Today the largest hill is out of order, but smaller ones are operating and have plastic mattings.[12]

In 1937–1939, during the Great Purge, the Rzhevsky artillery range, a large area to the southeast of Toksovo, was the main NKVD place of execution near Leningrad.[13] In 1942, during the Siege of Leningrad all Finns and Izhorians were deported from the townlet and the region. During the Siege of Leningrad an important radar station was operated near the townlet. In 1953, after Joseph Stalin's death, Finns and Izhorians were allowed to return. In 1974, a European bison farm was started here. In 2000, Toksovan Sanomat, a Finnish Language newspaper, began publication.[9] In 2002, at Koirankangas near Toksovo the Memorial society found a secret grave with remains of 30,000 people executed by the NKVD, among whom are most probably the philosopher Pavel Florensky and other prominent people.[14] In 2003, a stage of the FIS Cross-country skiing World Cup was held in the townlet. Currently it is a ski and tourist resort and a dacha place, famous for its forests and lakes.

Economy

Transportation

Toksovo is located on the railroad connecting Saint Petersburg with Sortavala via Priozersk. The two railway stations in the settlement, Toksovo railway station and Kavgolovo railway platform, are connected by suburban service with the Finland Station.

Toksovo is essentially a suburb of Saint Petersburg, and is included in the dense suburban road network.

Tourism

The north part of Toksovo (unofficially called Kavgolovo like the nearby railway platform) is a center of a recreational area, which includes sports facilities like ski jumps and ski slopes, and attracts holiday visitors from Saint Petersburg.[15] National and international competitions are held on a regular basis.

Culture and recreation

Toksovo contains seven objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[16] Six of them commemorate events of the World War II, in particular, the Siege of Leningrad, and the seventh one is the summer house where in 1927 Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, a Russian author, stayed.

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b ГосударствСнный ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ статистикС. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ стандартизации, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ сСртификации. β„–ΠžΠš 019-95 1 января 1997 Π³. Β«ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ классификатор ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСлСния. Код 41 212 575 002Β», Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄. измСнСния β„–278/2015 ΠΎΡ‚ 1 января 2016 Π³.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 41 212 575 002, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  2. ^ a b ВсСволоТский Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ (август 1936 Π³ .) (in Russian). БистСма классификаторов ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² государствСнной власти Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π°. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  3. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. ^ a b c Law #17-oz
  5. ^ "Об исчислСнии Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ". ΠžΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π» ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  6. ^ ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚Π° России. Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ ОАБУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  7. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ насСлСния России, ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² составС Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², городских посСлСний, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… насСлённых ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² β€“ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… насСлённых ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с насСлСниСм 3 Ρ‚ысячи ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localitiesβ€”Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  8. ^ Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 1989 Π³. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ насСлСния ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… рСспублик, Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… областСй ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‘Π², областСй, Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², городских посСлСний ΠΈ сёл-Ρ€Π°ΠΉΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 1989 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унивСрситСта: Π’Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ°Ρ школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  9. ^ a b Π₯ронологичСская Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° (основныС события) (in Russian). Virtual Toksovo. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  10. ^ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΠ΅Π·Π΄ (1917 - янв. 1924), ЛСнинградский ΡƒΠ΅Π·Π΄( янв.1924 Π³.- Π°Π²Π³. 1927 Π³.) (in Russian). БистСма классификаторов ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² государствСнной власти Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π°. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  11. ^ ΠšΡƒΠΉΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ (август 1927 Π³ . - ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ 1936 Π³ .), Воксовский Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ (ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ 1936 Π³. - Ρ„Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒ 1939 Π³.). (in Russian). БистСма классификаторов ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² государствСнной власти Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π°. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  12. ^ Toksovo Воксово
  13. ^ "Forest skulls may tell where 30,000 Stalin victims lie". The Telegraph.
  14. ^ "'Russian da Vinci' May Be Among Remains". St. Petersburg Times.
  15. ^ ΠžΡ‚Π΄Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Воксово (in Russian). Virtual Toksovo. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  16. ^ ΠŸΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ истории ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.

Sources

  • Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ собраниС ЛСнинградской области. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β„–32-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 15 июня 2010 Π³. «Об административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ устройствС ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ порядкС Π΅Π³ΠΎ измСнСния», Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β„–23-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 8 мая 2014 Π³. Β«ΠžΠ± объСдинСнии ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ "ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ городскоС посСлСниС" Выборгского Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ "ГлСбычСвскоС сСльскоС посСлСниС" Выборгского Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ ΠΎ внСсСнии ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹Β». Вступил Π² силу ΡΠΎ дня ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опубликования. ΠžΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ВСсти", β„–112, 23 июня 2010 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #32-oz of June 15, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Oblast Law #23-oz of May 8, 2014 On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ собраниС ЛСнинградской области. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β„–32-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 15 июня 2010 Π³. «Об административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ устройствС ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ порядкС Π΅Π³ΠΎ измСнСния», Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β„–23-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 8 мая 2014 Π³. Β«ΠžΠ± объСдинСнии ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ "ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ городскоС посСлСниС" Выборгского Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ "ГлСбычСвскоС сСльскоС посСлСниС" Выборгского Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ ΠΎ внСсСнии ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹Β». Вступил Π² силу ΡΠΎ дня ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опубликования. ΠžΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ВСсти", β„–112, 23 июня 2010 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #32-oz of June 15, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Oblast Law #23-oz of May 8, 2014 On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ собраниС ЛСнинградской области. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β„–17-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 10 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2004 Π³. «Об установлСнии Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ† ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ статусом ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ВсСволоТский Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Выборгский Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡ… составС», Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β„–23-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 8 мая 2014 Π³. Β«ΠžΠ± объСдинСнии ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ "ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ городскоС посСлСниС" Выборгского Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ "ГлСбычСвскоС сСльскоС посСлСниС" Выборгского Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ЛСнинградской области ΠΈ ΠΎ внСсСнии ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹Β». Вступил Π² силу ΡΠΎ дня ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опубликования. ΠžΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ВСсти", β„–27, 11 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2004 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #17-oz of March 10, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formations of Vsevolozhsky District and Vyborgsky District and to the Municipal Formations Comprising It, as amended by the Oblast Law #23-oz of May 8, 2014 On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

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