For other places with the same name, see Ostrovsky District.

Ostrovsky District (Russian: ΠžΜΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[2] district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Pskovsky District in the north, Porkhovsky District in the northeast, Novorzhevsky District in the southeast, Pushkinogorsky and Krasnogorodsky Districts in the south, Pytalovsky District in the west, and with Palkinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,400 square kilometers (930 sq mi).[3] Its administrative center is the town of Ostrov.[2] Population: 31,096 (2010 Russian census);[4] 36,685 (2002 Census);[7] 14,199 (1989 Soviet census).[8] The population of Ostrov accounts for 69.7% of the district's total population.[4]

Geography

The entire district lies in the basin of the Velikaya River, a major tributary of Lake Peipus. The Velikaya crosses the district from southeast to northwest; the town of Ostrov is located on its banks. The major tributaries of the Velikaya within the district are the Sinyaya, the Utroya, and the Kukhva (all left). The rivers in the east of the district drain into the Cheryokha, which has its source in the district, flows north, and beyond the district limits joins the Velikaya from the right.

History

Coat of arms of Ostrov, as of 1781

Ostrov was first mentioned in 1342.[9] At the time, it was a fortress subordinate to Pskov and protecting it from the south. Already in the end of the 14th century the fortress was built in stone. In 1406, the Livonian Order besieged Ostrov but failed to conquer it. The fortress was first conquered by the Order in 1501, and the town was devastated. In the 18th century, the state border was moved further to the west, and the area lost its military importance.[10]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). Ostrov is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making up the governorate. In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, and in 1772, Pskov Governorate (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as Pskov Viceroyalty) was established. The area was a part of Ostrovsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate.

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Ostrovsky District was established, with the administrative center in the town of Ostrov. It included parts of former Ostrovsky and Pskovsky Uyezds. The governorates were abolished as well, and the district became a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Ostrovsky District was a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between August 1941 and July 1944, Ostrovsky District was occupied by German troops. An underground resistance group was active in Ostrov during the war. On August 23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.[11]

On August 1, 1927, Palkinsky District was also established, with the administrative center in the selo of Palkino. It included parts of former Pskovsky and Ostrovsky Uyezds and was a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On September 20, 1931, Palkinsky District was abolished and merged into Ostrovsky District. On February 15, 1935, the district was re-established on the territory which formerly constituted parts of Pskovsky and Ostrovsky Districts.[11]

On February 15, 1935, Soshikhinsky District was established on the parts of Ostrovsky and Slavkovsky Districts. The administrative center of the district was located in the selo of Vorontsovo. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Soshikhinsky District was a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. Between August 1941 and July 1944, Soshikhinsky District was occupied by German troops. On August 23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast. On October 3, 1959 the district was abolished and split between Ostrovsky and Novorzhevsky Districts.[11] After the administrative reforms of the 1960s, the whole of the former Soshikhinsky District was transferred to Ostrovsky District.

Between 1959 and 1965, parts of Pytalovsky District were temporarily transferred to Ostrovsky District. Between 1961 and 1966, parts of Palkinsky District were temporarily transferred to Ostrovsky District.[11]

Economy

Industry

The economy of the district is based on food industry (45.8% of the gross product in 2009), electronic industry (28.2%), and textile industry (5.4%).[12]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specializations of the district are cattle (with meat and milk production) and poultry breeding.[13]

Transportation

A railway from St. Petersburg via Pskov to Pytalovo and further to RΔ“zekne in Latvia crosses the district from north to south. In Latvia, it provides access to Riga and Vilnius (via Daugavpils). As of 2012, there was passenger traffic on the railway.

The M20 highway, which connects St. Petersburg and Vitebsk via Pskov, crosses the district from north to south. Ostrov is the northern terminus of the European route E262, which proceeds to Kaunas via RΔ“zekne and Daugavpils. The stretch between Ostrov and Latvian border has been a toll road since 2002.[14] There are also road connections from Ostrov northwest to Pechory via Palkino, northeast to Porkhov, and southeast to Novorzhev, as well as local roads. The stretch between Ostrov and Pechory is a toll road as well.[14]

None of the rivers within the district are navigable.

Culture and recreation

The St. Nicholas Church in Ostrov

The district contains six cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (all of them in the town of Ostrov) and additionally ninety-nine objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (fifty-one of them in Ostrov).[15] The federally protected monuments are the St. Nicholas Church, the Trinity Church, the trading arcades, the bridge, the monument to Klavdiya Nazarova, an organizer of the underground during World War II, and the site of the former Ostrov fortress.

Ostrov hosts the Ostrov District Museum, the only museum in the district.[16]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Law #833-oz
  2. ^ a b c d e f Law #420-oz
  3. ^ a b О Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ (in Russian). ΠŸΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π» ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Псковской области. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  5. ^ "26. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ постоянного насСлСния Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ образованиям Π½Π° 1 января 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  6. ^ "Об исчислСнии Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ". ΠžΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π» ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ насСлСния России, ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² составС Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², городских посСлСний, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… насСлённых ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² β€“ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… насСлённых ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с насСлСниСм 3 Ρ‚ысячи ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localitiesβ€”Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  8. ^ Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 1989 Π³. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ насСлСния ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… рСспублик, Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… областСй ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‘Π², областСй, Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², городских посСлСний ΠΈ сёл-Ρ€Π°ΠΉΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 1989 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унивСрситСта: Π’Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ°Ρ школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  9. ^ ЭнциклопСдия Π“ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° России. Moscow: Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ Российская ЭнциклопСдия. 2003. p. 338. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  10. ^ Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° (in Russian). ΠŸΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π» ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Псковской области. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  11. ^ a b c d ГСрасимёнок, Π’. Π•.; Н. Π’. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ‹Ρ†Π΅Π²Π°, И. Π‘. ПоТидаСв, Π‘. М. Π€Ρ‘Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², К. И. ΠšΠ°Ρ€ΠΏΠΎΠ² (2002). Π’Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Псковской области (in Russian). Pskov. ISBN 5-94542-031-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Π­ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° (in Russian). ΠŸΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π» ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Псковской области. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  13. ^ БСльскоС хозяйство (in Russian). ΠŸΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π» ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Псковской области. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  14. ^ a b Псковская ΠΎΠ±Π». ΠŸΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ (in Russian). АБМАП. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  15. ^ ΠŸΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ истории ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
  16. ^ ΠžΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ краСвСдчСский ΠΌΡƒΠ·Π΅ΠΉ (in Russian). Российская ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ наслСдия. Retrieved July 11, 2012.

Sources

  • ПсковскоС областноС Π‘ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β„–833-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 5 фСвраля 2009 Π³. «Об административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ устройствС Псковской области». Вступил Π² силу ΡΠΎ дня ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опубликования. ΠžΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "Псковская ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π°", β„–20, 10 фСвраля 2009 Π³. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #833-oz of February 5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • ПсковскоС областноС Π‘ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β„–420-ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡ‚ 28 фСвраля 2005 Π³. «Об установлСнии Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ† ΠΈ статусС вновь ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Псковской области», Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄. Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β„–1542-ΠžΠ— ΠΎΡ‚ 5 июня 2015 Π³. Β«Πž внСсСнии ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Псковской области "Об установлСнии Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ† ΠΈ статусС вновь ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Псковской области"Β». Вступил Π² силу ΡΠΎ дня ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опубликования. ΠžΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "Псковская ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π°", β„–41–43, β„–44–46, β„–49–51, 4 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2005 Π³., 5 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2005 Π³., 11 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2005 Π³. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1542-OZ of June 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).