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Kīwalaʻō (1760 – July 1782)[2] was the aliʻi nui of the island of Hawaii in 1782 when he was defeated at the Battle of Mokuohai and overthrown by Kamehameha I.[3]
Early life
Kīwalaʻō was born in 1760[2] to Aliʻi Nui, Kalaniʻōpuʻu and his queen consort Kalola Pupuka.[4][5] He was the eldest son of the ruler and was the heir apparent. While he was alive at the time of Captain Cook's arrival, he was not present and there is no foreign account of him.[6]
He is said to have been of a weak character while his half brother Keōua Kuahuula was the exact opposite and more comparable to the knights of the Middle Ages.[7]
Citations
- ^ Congress 1895, p. 155.
- ^ a b Moore 2015, p. 276.
- ^ Aguilera-Black Bear 2015, p. 66.
- ^ Vinton Kirch 2012, p. 268.
- ^ McGregor 2007, p. 155.
- ^ Kuykendall 1938, p. 31.
- ^ Teachers' Association 1904, p. 7.
References
- Aguilera-Black Bear, Dorothy (2015), Voices of Resistance and Renewal: Indigenous Leadership in Education, University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 9780806152431, OCLC 908374833
- Congress, United States (1895), United States Congressional serial set, United States Government Publishing Office, ISBN 978-1343800502
- Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1938), The Hawaiian Kingdom, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-87022-431-7
- McGregor, Davianna (2007), Na Kua'aina: Living Hawaiian Culture, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-2946-9
- Moore, Susanna (2015), Paradise of the Pacific: Approaching Hawaii, Farrar, Straus and Giroux , ISBN 978-0374298777, OCLC 909538017
- Vinton Kirch, Patrick (2012), A Shark Going Inland Is My Chief: The Island Civilization of Ancient Hawai'i, University of California Press, ISBN 9786613811660, OCLC 806040079
- Teachers' Association, Oregon State (1904). Oregon Teachers' Monthly. Vol. 9. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1271766482.
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