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Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
The Itbayat language or Itbayaten (also known generically as Ibatan) is an Austronesian language, in the Batanic group, spoken on Itbayat Island in the Batanes Islands, Philippines.
Phonology
Vowels
/a, ɜ, i, o/
Vowels are contrasted between long and short vowels, for example as seen in the words tokod ('support') and tookod ('a kind of yam').[2]
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ | |
voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | ɡ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | h | |||
voiced | v | ɣ | ʁ | ||||
Approximant | l | j | w | ||||
Trill | r |
- /f/ is only used in loanwords but tends to become /p/.[2]
Grammar
Pronouns
The following set of pronouns is found in the Itbayat language.[2]
Nominative | Genitive | Locative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
free | bound | free | bound | ||||
1st person |
singular | yaken | ako | ñaken | ko | jaken | |
dual | – | ta | – | – | – | ||
plural | inclusive | yaten | ta | ñaten | ta | jaten | |
exclusive | yamen | kami | ñamen | namen | jamen | ||
2nd person |
singular | imo | ka | nimo | mo | dimo | |
plural | imiyo | kamo | nimiyo | miyo | dimiyo | ||
3rd person |
singular | – | – | niya/ña | na | dira | |
plural | sira | sira | nira | da | dira |
References
- ^ Ivatan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Yamada, Yukihiro (2002). Itbayat–English Dictionary (PDF). ELPR Publications Series A3-006. hdl:10108/75457.
Further reading
Batanic (Bashiic) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Northern Mindoro | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater Central Philippine |
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Kalamian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bilic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sangiric | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minahasan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other branches |
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Reconstructed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Indigenous languages (by region) |
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Immigrant languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sign languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical languages |
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