How Can We Help?
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Sardinian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Sardinian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of the language.
|
|
Notes
- ^ a b c Phonemic /b/, /d/, /ɡ/ between vowels are usually realized as [β], [ð], [ɣ], and sometimes even omitted. Omission does not normally occur when those are the realizations for phonemic /p/, /t/, /θ/, /k/.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gemination, here represented by ⟨ː⟩, is only distinctive for the pairs /l, lː/, /m, mː/ and /n, nː/, and and only occurs after a vowel, where it also occurs for [ɖː], [ʎː] and [ɲː] (the latter two being common realizations of /lːj/ and /nːj/, respectively).
- ^ Usually, /k/ is written down following either the Italian style (by using ⟨ch⟩ before e and i: e.g. anchilla, chelu, chena, chi, etc.), the Byzantine style (by using ⟨k⟩: e.g. ankilla, kelu, kena, ki, etc.) or (now rare) the Spanish style (by using ⟨qu⟩ before e and i: e.g. anquilla, quelu, quena, qui, etc.)
- ^ a b c Nasal consonants always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/~/nk/ is velar [ŋ], but before /v/ or /f/, it is labiodental [ɱ]. It is [m] only before /p/, /b/ or /m/ and [ɳ] before /ɖ/.
- ^ Glottal stops usually occur for intervocalic /k/ in some dialects of Barbagia, and for intervocalic /l/ and /n/ in some dialects of Sarrabus.
- ^ a b /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ are realized as [e] and [o], respectively, if the following syllable contains /i/, /u/, a palatal, or another occurrence of [e] or [o]. This is not the case if [i] results from a phonemic /ɛ/.
- ^ One of the cases in which the grapheme ⟨j⟩ does not represent the sound [ʒ].
- ^ A rare case, using the grapheme ⟨i⟩, normally representing a full vowel /i/.
- ^ Phonetically transcribed as [saɾˈdinːja], as opposed to Sardigna in Logudorese, transcribed as [saɾˈdiɲːa]. In Campidanese this semivowel is more usual.
Further reading
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1989) [1957]. Dizionario Etimologico Sardo (in Italian). Trois.
- Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo (1994). ELLO ELLUS, grammatica della lingua sarda (in Italian). Nuoro (Sardinia): Poliedro Edizioni.
- Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo (2007). Sardo e italiano a confronto. CUEC.
- Mura, Riccardo; Virdis, Maurizio (2015). Caratteri e strutture fonetiche, fonologiche e prosodiche della lingua sarda. Il sintetizzatore vocale SINTESA (in Italian). Condaghes.
- Puddu, Mario (2015) [2000]. Ditzionàriu de sa limba e de sa cultura sarda (in Sardinian). Condaghes.
Recent Comments