Heliothinae is a small, cosmopolitan subfamily of moths in the family Noctuidae, with about 400 described species worldwide. It includes a number of economically significant agricultural pest species, such as Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea.
Taxonomy
The subfamily has been studied extensively. Important works include studies by Hardwick (1965 and 1970) and Matthews (1988).
Distribution and diversity
Heliothinae is a cosmopolitan[1] subfamily of around 400 species.[2] Its species thrive in hot, dry regions of the world,[1] and the subfamily has its highest species diversity in seasonally-arid tropics and subtropics, such as those found Australia, sections of Asia, the southwest region of the United States, and Africa.[2]
Larvae
The subfamily includes both specialist species, of which the larvae feed on only a limited range of plants, and polyphagous generalist species.[3]
The subfamily contains several agricultural pests, including Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa assulta, Helicoverpa zea, Helicoverpa punctigera and Heliothis virescens.[3]
Genera
The subfamily includes the following genera:
- Adisura Moore, 1881
- Aedophron Lederer, 1857
- Australothis Matthews, 1991
- Baptarma Smith, 1904
- Chloridea Duncan & Westwood, 1841
- Chazaria Moore, 1881
- Derrima Walker, 1858
- Eutricopis Morrison, 1875
- Hebdomochondra Staudinger, 1879
- Helicoverpa Hardwick, 1965
- Heliocheilus Grote, 1865
- Heliolonche Grote, 1873
- Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816
- Heliothodes Hampson, 1910
- Melaporphyria Grote, 1874
- Micriantha Hampson, 1908
- Microhelia Hampson, 1910
- Periphanes Hübner, 1821
- Protadisura Matthews, 1991
- Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907
- Pyrocleptria Hampson, 1903
- Pyrrhia Hübner, 1821
- Rhodoecia Hampson, 1910
- Schinia Hübner, 1818
- Stenoecia Warren, 1911
- Timora Walker, 1856
Selected former genera
- Erythroecia Hampson, 1910
- Masalia Moore, 1881
- Thyreion Smith, 1891
References
- ^ a b Mitter, Charles; Poole, Robert W.; Matthews, Marcus (January 1993). "Biosystematics of the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Annual Review of Entomology. 38: 207–225. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ a b Matov, Alexej; Zahiri, Reza; Holloway, Jeremy D. (5 May 2008). "The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1763 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1763.1.1. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ a b Cunningham, John Paul; Zalucki, Myron P. (1 June 2014). "Understanding Heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) Pests: What is a Host Plant?". Journal of Economic Entomology. 107 (3): 881–896. doi:10.1603/ec14036. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- Cho, S.; Mitchell, A.; Mitter, C.; Regier, J.; Matthews, M.; Robertson, R. 2008: Molecular phylogenetics of heliothine moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), with comments on the evolution of host range and pest status. Systematic entomology, 33: 581-594. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00427.x
- ICZN 1985: Opinion 1312. Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Insecta: Lepidoptera): gender and stem designated. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 42: 158-159. ISSN 0007-5167 BioStor
- Lafontaine, J.D.; Schmidt, B.C. 2010: Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico. ZooKeys, 40: 1-239. doi:10.3897/zookeys.40.414
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