Verbena canadensis (syn. Glandularia canadensis), commonly known as rose mock vervain,[2] rose verbena,[3] clump verbena[4] or rose vervain[5] is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the verbena family (Verbenaceae) with showy pink to purple flowers.. It is native to the eastern and south-central areas of the United States.[1] This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental, and naturalized populations have been established outside its native range, such as in the northeastern U.S.[6][7]

Description

V. canadensis is a perennial herb[8] that grows low to the ground, typically to about 1 foot (30 cm) high. Roots will form where stems touch the ground, and over time the plant will spread to form a low mound.[9] Leaves, up to 8 centimetres (3 in)long, are dark green on the upper surface and lighter green below. Leaves are semi-evergreen, opposite and pinnately-lobed.[4] Flowers are pink to purple, and consist of a tubular corolla that opens up into 4 or 5 spreading lobes. Flowers bloom in the spring and can persist until fall.[7] The plant attracts butterflies, rabbits, and deer.[8]

Distribution and habitat

Its natural habitat is in sunny areas such as glades, forest openings, and on bluffs.[7][10] It is tolerant of dry conditions.[11] In some areas, the presence of Verbena canadensis is indicative of high-quality natural communities.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b "Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  2. ^ "USDA Plants Database". plants.usda.gov.
  3. ^ Denison, Edgar (2017). Missouri Wildflowers (Sixth ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-887247-59-7.
  4. ^ a b "Verbena canadensis (Clump Verbena, Rosa Verbena, Rose Vervain) North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
  5. ^ "Glandularia canadensis - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
  6. ^ Glandularia canadensis New England Wildflower Society
  7. ^ a b c Yatskievych, George (2013). Flora of Missouri, Volume 3. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 1208.
  8. ^ a b "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
  9. ^ "Know Your Natives – Rose Vervain". Arkansas Native Plant Society. 13 February 2018.
  10. ^ a b Rose Vervain Glandularia canadensis Illinois Wildflowers
  11. ^ Verbena canadensis MissouriPlants