Frakefamide (INN) is a synthetic, fluorinated linear tetrapeptide with the amino acid sequence Tyr-D-Ala-(p-F)Phe-Phe-NH2 which acts as a peripherally-specific, selective μ-opioid receptor agonist.[1][2] Despite its inability to penetrate the blood-brain-barrier and enter the central nervous system,[1] frakefamide has potent analgesic effects and, unlike centrally-acting opioids like morphine, does not produce respiratory depression, indicating that its antinociceptive effects are mediated by peripheral μ-opioid receptors.[1][3] It was under development for the treatment of pain by AstraZeneca and Shire but was shelved after phase II clinical trials.[4][5]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Modalen ÅÖ, Quiding H, Frey J, Westman L, Lindahl S (March 2005). "A novel molecule (frakefamide) with peripheral opioid properties: the effects on resting ventilation compared with morphine and placebo". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 100 (3): 713–717. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000145011.75545.C5. PMID 15728057. S2CID 23249323.
  2. ^ Aronson JK (30 November 2009). Meyler's Side Effects of Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Elsevier. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-444-53273-2. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  3. ^ Modalen AO, Quiding H, Frey J, Westman L, Lindahl S (January 2006). "A novel molecule with peripheral opioid properties: the effects on hypercarbic and hypoxic ventilation at steady-state compared with morphine and placebo". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 102 (1): 104–109. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000184254.85567.80. PMID 16368813. S2CID 40297091.
  4. ^ Anderson NG (15 April 2012). "Introduction". Practical Process Research and Development: A Guide for Organic Chemists. Academic Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-12-386537-3. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  5. ^ Schmidt WK (13 May 2003). "An overview of current and investigational drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic pain". In Bountra C, Munglani R, Schmidt WK (eds.). Pain: Current Understanding, Emerging Therapies, And Novel Approaches To Drug Discovery. CRC Press. p. 400. ISBN 978-0-8247-8865-0. Retrieved 27 April 2012.