Original file (3,333 × 2,575 pixels, file size: 701 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Summary
DescriptionTrend of blood lead levels in Chinese adults in different regions from 1980 to 2018.jpg |
English: Trend of blood lead levels in Chinese adults in different regions from 1980 to 2018. A decreasing trend in all regions except South China.
Figure 3 from this article: Blood lead levels and their associated risk factors in Chinese adults from 1980 to 2018, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 218, 2021, 112294, ISSN 0147-6513, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112294. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132100405X) Abstract: In China, studies on lead exposure to grownup are scarce compared to children, although relevant disease burdens for adults are much severe than that in developed countries. The present study evaluated blood lead levels (BLLs) in Chinese adults by data mining using Monte Carlo simulation. A total of 115 scientific studies published between January 1980 and March 2021 reflecting 45,514 Chinese adults were included in the study. After a continuous increase in Chinese adult BLLs from 1980–1983 (GM 74.84 μg/L) to 1994–1996 (GM 92.27 μg/L), BLLs began to decline from 2000–2002 (GM 80.32 μg/L) to 2016–2018 (GM 21.57 μg/L). This decline implied that the lead phase-out policy in gasoline was effective over the past two decades. The study indicated that North, South, and Southwest China were still relatively high compared to other regions in the past decade. Statistical analysis showed that BLLs of males (GM 68.45 μg/L) were higher than females (GM 56.51 μg/L), smokers (GM 80.96 μg/L) higher than nonsmokers (GM 58.95 μg/L), and populations over 40 (GM 40.43 μg/L) higher than younger populations (GM 40.37 μg/L). The significantly positive correlation between the concentrations of PM2.5 and topsoil lead and BLLs in Chinese adults indicated that air and soil pollution affect adult BLLs. Taken together, our results showed that strict lead control strategies and regular bio-monitoring are needed to maintain low BLLs in the population. Keywords: Blood lead levels; China; Soil; Particle matter (PM); Monte Carlo simulation |
Date | |
Source | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132100405X Blood lead levels and their associated risk factors in Chinese adults from 1980 to 2018 |
Author |
Yanan Li, Jing Chen, Shuhua Bu, Shuo Wang, Xue Geng, Ge Guan, Qianwen Zhao, Lin Ao, Weidong Qu, Yuxin Zheng, Yuan Jin, Jinglong Tang, Blood lead levels and their associated risk factors in Chinese adults from 1980 to 2018, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 218, 2021, 112294, ISSN 0147-6513, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112294. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132100405X) |
Licensing
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
copyright status
copyrighted
copyright license
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
inception
15 July 2021
media type
image/jpeg
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 03:05, 4 April 2023 | 3,333 × 2,575 (701 KB) | Dustfreeworld | Uploaded a work by Yanan Li, Jing Chen, Shuhua Bu, Shuo Wang, Xue Geng, Ge Guan, Qianwen Zhao, Lin Ao, Weidong Qu, Yuxin Zheng, Yuan Jin, Jinglong Tang, Blood lead levels and their associated risk factors in Chinese adults from 1980 to 2018, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 218, 2021, 112294, ISSN 0147-6513, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112294. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132100405X) from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0... |
File usage
Metadata
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
JPEG file comment | HiRes |
---|---|
Width | 3,333 px |
Height | 2,575 px |
Bits per component |
|
Compression scheme | LZW |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 500 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 500 dpi |
Data arrangement | chunky format |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS4 Windows |
File change date and time | 14:08, 29 April 2021 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
-
Annuals36
-
Bulbs, Corms & Tubers41
-
Ferns27
-
Fruits3
-
Garden Plants23
-
Grasses26
-
Herb17
-
Insects1
-
Mammals1
-
Midwest Native Plants0
-
Northeast Native Plants112
-
Perennials123
-
Rose1
-
Shrubs47
-
Trees112
-
Tropical Plants53
-
Upland Birds5
-
Vines18
-
Viola Tricolor1
-
Water Gardening & Plants9
-
Waterfowl0
-
Wetland Birds0
-
Wetland Plants4
-
Wildbirds172
-
Wildflowers1
-
Woodland Plants29
Recent Comments