How Can We Help?
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2D gene.[5]
The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a delta chain. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode three different isoforms have been characterized to date. Distinct isoforms of this chain have different expression patterns.[5]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145349 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000053819 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: CAMK2D calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II delta".
Further reading
- Hook SS, Means AR (2001). "Ca2+/CaM-dependent kinases: from activation to function". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 41 (1): 471–505. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.471. PMID 11264466.
- Yamamoto H (2002). "[Molecular mechanisms of the intracellular localizations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II isoforms, and their physiological functions]". Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 47 (3): 241–7. PMID 11889801.
- de Groot RP, den Hertog J, Vandenheede JR, et al. (1993). "Multiple and cooperative phosphorylation events regulate the CREM activator function". EMBO J. 12 (10): 3903–11. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06068.x. PMC 413673. PMID 8404858.
- Tombes RM, Krystal GW (1997). "Identification of novel human tumor cell-specific CaMK-II variants". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1355 (3): 281–92. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(96)00141-3. PMID 9060999.
- Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR (1997). "Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (18): 11832–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832. PMID 9115241.
- Möhlig M, Wolter S, Mayer P, et al. (1997). "Insulinoma cells contain an isoform of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta associated with insulin secretion vesicles". Endocrinology. 138 (6): 2577–84. doi:10.1210/endo.138.6.5168. PMID 9165051.
- Bauch A, Campbell KS, Reth M (1998). "Interaction of the CD5 cytoplasmic domain with the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIdelta". Eur. J. Immunol. 28 (7): 2167–77. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2167::AID-IMMU2167>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 9692886.
- Sanger Centre, The; Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente, The (1999). "Toward a complete human genome sequence". Genome Res. 8 (11): 1097–108. doi:10.1101/gr.8.11.1097. PMID 9847074.
- Hoch B, Meyer R, Hetzer R, et al. (1999). "Identification and expression of delta-isoforms of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in failing and nonfailing human myocardium". Circ. Res. 84 (6): 713–21. doi:10.1161/01.res.84.6.713. PMID 10189359.
- Tombes RM, Mikkelsen RB, Jarvis WD, Grant S (1999). "Downregulation of delta CaM kinase II in human tumor cells". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1452 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(99)00113-5. PMID 10525155.
- Rochlitz H, Voigt A, Lankat-Buttgereit B, et al. (2000). "Cloning and quantitative determination of the human Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) isoforms in human beta cells". Diabetologia. 43 (4): 465–73. doi:10.1007/s001250051330. PMID 10819240.
- Inagaki N, Nishizawa M, Arimura N, et al. (2000). "Activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II within post-synaptic dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (35): 27165–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003751200. PMID 10852918.
- Nair JS, DaFonseca CJ, Tjernberg A, et al. (2002). "Requirement of Ca2+ and CaMKII for Stat1 Ser-727 phosphorylation in response to IFN-gamma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (9): 5971–6. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.5971N. doi:10.1073/pnas.052159099. PMC 122886. PMID 11972023.
- Mishra-Gorur K, Singer HA, Castellot JJ (2002). "The S18 ribosomal protein is a putative substrate for Ca2+/calmodulin-activated protein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (37): 33537–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200342200. PMID 12145273.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Gaertner TR, Kolodziej SJ, Wang D, et al. (2004). "Comparative analyses of the three-dimensional structures and enzymatic properties of alpha, beta, gamma and delta isoforms of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (13): 12484–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M313597200. PMID 14722083.
- Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, et al. (2005). "Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 3 (11): 1093–101. doi:10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200. PMID 15345747.
External links
- Human CAMK2D genome location and CAMK2D gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Recent Comments