Cèmuhî (Camuhi, Camuki, Tyamuhi, Wagap) is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of New Caledonia, in the area of Poindimié, Koné, and Touho. The language has approximately 3,300 speakers and is considered a regional language of France.
Cèmuhî was studied by the French linguist Rivierre, Jean-Claude [fr].
Phonology
Consonants
The consonants of Cèmuhî are shown in the table below.[2]
Labiovelar | Labial | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Laryngeal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless stop | pʷ | p | t | c | k | |
Prenasalized stop | ᵐbʷ | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑg | |
Nasal | mʷ, h̃ʷ | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | h̃ |
Continuant | w | (r), l | (h) |
Rivierre analyzes the contrasts of Cèmuhî along three emic categories: nasal, semi-nasal (i.e. prenasalized), and oral consonants.[2]
Vowels
The chart below shows Cèmuhî vowels, all of which can contrast in both length and nasality.[2]
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i | u |
Close-mid | e | o |
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
Open | a |
Tone
Like its neighbour Paicî, Cèmuhî is one of the few Austronesian languages which have developed contrastive tone. However, unlike other New Caledonian tonal languages, Cèmuhî has three tonal registers: high, mid, and low tones.[3][2]
See also
Notes
- ^ Cèmuhî at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c d Rivierre 1980. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRivierre1980 (help)
- ^ Rivierre 1972.
Bibliography
- Rivierre, Jean-Claude (1972). "Les Tons de la langue de Touho (Nouvelle-Calédonie) : Etude diachronique". Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French). 67 (1): 301–316.
- Rivierre, Jean-Claude (1980). La Langue de Touho : Phonologie et grammaire du Cèmuhî (Nouvelle-Calédonie) (in French). Paris: Société d'Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France. p. 363.
- Rivierre, Jean-Claude (1983). Dictionnaire cèmuhî – français, suivi d'un lexique français – cèmuhî (in French). Paris: Société d'Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France. p. 375.
External links
- Audio recordings in the Cèmuhî language, in open access, by Jean-Claude Rivierre (source: Pangloss Collection).
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