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Austronesian language spoken in Papua New Guinea
Bwaidoka is an Austronesian language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. It is a local lingua franca.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lab. | plain | lab. | ||||
Plosive | voiceless | t | k | kʷ | |||
voiced | b | bʷ | ɡ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | fʷ | s | |||
voiced | v | ||||||
Nasal | m | mʷ | n | ||||
Lateral | l | ||||||
Approximant | j | w |
- /t/ can be pronounced as alveolar [t], or dental [t̪] when preceding central or back vowels.
- /ɡ/ can be pronounced as a voiced plosive [ɡ], or as a fricative [ɣ] on an unstressed syllable.
- /j/ can be pronounced as either [j] or as [ð] in free variation.
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
- Vowel sounds /i, o, u/ do not occur following labialized consonants.
- /e/ may fluctuate freely from [e] to [ə] in syllable-final, and with [ɛ] as the first vowel sound on stressed syllables.
- /a/ may fluctuate freely from [a] to [ə] on unstressed syllables and as the second vowel sound on stressed syllables.
- /o/ may fluctuate freely from [o] to [ɔ] on unstressed syllables and as the second vowel sound on stressed syllables.[2]
References
- ^ Bwaidoka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Gibson, Stan (1992). Bwaidoka organised phonology data. SIL.
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Other Papuan Tip |
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Major Indigenous languages |
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Other Papuan languages |
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Sign languages |
Categories
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Annuals36
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Bulbs, Corms & Tubers41
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Ferns27
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Fruits3
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Garden Plants23
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Grasses26
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Herb17
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Insects1
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Mammals1
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Midwest Native Plants0
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Northeast Native Plants112
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Perennials123
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Rose1
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Shrubs47
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Trees112
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Tropical Plants53
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Upland Birds5
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Vines18
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Viola Tricolor1
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Water Gardening & Plants9
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Waterfowl0
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Wetland Birds0
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Wetland Plants4
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Wildbirds172
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Wildflowers1
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Woodland Plants29
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