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General elections were held in Bolivia on 6 June 1993.[1] As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a president on 4 August. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of the MNR-MRTKL alliance was subsequently elected unopposed.

Campaign

Prior to the elections, the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) of incumbent Jaime Paz Zamora and the Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) of ex-president Hugo Banzer formed the Patriotic Accord (AP) alliance. Hugo Banzer, in his fifth bid for the presidency, was presented as the Patriotic Accord's candidate in the election.

Banzer's primary opponent was the returning Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) candidate Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. The MNR's alliance with the Revolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari (MRTKL) saw Víctor Hugo Cárdenas, an indigenous Aymara, chosen as Sánchez de Lozada's running mate in an attempt to appeal to Bolivia's indigenous population.

The AP was faced with the negative image of corruption faced by Paz Zamora's government and the defensive campaign of Hugo Banzer. Two factors which made the MNR the clear front runner to win the election.[2]

The campaign also saw the emergence of the "neo-populist" Max Fernández and Carlos Palenque candidates who drew the support of sector of the population discontented with the mainstream political parties. Palenque of Conscience of Fatherland (CONDEPA), in his second run, campaigned on a platform of returning to the ideals of the 1952 National Revolution. Solidarity Civic Unity (UCS), in the party's first presidential run, presented Max Fernández.[3]

Prior to the elections the Nationalist Democratic Action and Revolutionary Left Movement parties formed the Patriotic Accord alliance, whilst eight left-wing parties continued the United Left coalition.[4]

A total of 14 candidates were presented for the presidential election.

Results

Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada won the popular vote by 35.56% to Hugo Banzer's 21.05%. The CONDEPA and UCS candidates won a similar number of votes with a 0.52% difference between Max Fernández and Carlos Palenque. The remaining 10 candidates won 15.34% of the vote between them.

PartyPresidential candidateVotes%Seats
Chamber+/–Senate+/–
MNR–MRTKLGonzalo Sánchez de Lozada585,83735.5552+1217+8
Patriotic AccordHugo Banzer346,86521.0535–368–8
Conscience of FatherlandCarlos Palenque235,42714.2913+41–1
Solidarity Civic UnityMax Fernández226,81613.7720New1New
Free Bolivia MovementAntonio Araníbar Quiroga88,2605.367New0New
Bolivian Renewal AllianceCasiano Ancalle Choque30,8671.871New0New
Alternative to Democratic SocialismJerjes Justiniano Talavera30,2861.841New0New
Revolutionary Vanguard of 9 AprilCarlos Serrate Reich21,1001.280New0New
Bolivian Socialist FalangeJosé Mario Serrate Paz20,9471.270000
Pachakuti AxisFélix Cárdenas Aguilar18,1761.101New0New
United LeftRamiro Velasco Romero16,1370.980–1000
National Katarista MovementFernando Untoja Choque12,6270.770New0New
National Organisation of IndependentsOscar Bonifáz8,0960.490New0New
Democratic Federalist MovementCarlos Valverde6,2690.380New0New
Total1,647,710100.001300270
Valid votes1,647,71095.17
Invalid/blank votes83,5994.83
Total votes1,731,309100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,399,19772.16

By department

Department PA MNR-MRTKL UCS CONDEPA Others
Beni 36.93% 41.40% 11.52% 1.25% 8.89%
Chuquisaca 26.23% 31.95% 12.67% 2.52% 26.62%
Cochabamba 21.05% 40.45% 18.75% 3.73% 16.02%
La Paz 13.85% 31.33% 10.52% 30.58% 13.72%
Oruro 18.24% 33.27% 20.31% 11.71% 16.47%
Pando 50.72% 33.09% 6.96% 0.43% 8.80%
Potosi 22.58% 30.65% 19.48% 6.29% 21.00%
Santa Cruz 26.98% 40.52% 13.01% 4.35% 15.15%
Tarija 30.29% 42.34% 13.79% 1.76% 11.82%
Source: Constituency-Level Election Archive

Congressional ballot

On 6 August 1993, the National Congress convened to elect the president. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was the only candidate voted on, and was supported by his MNR-MRTKL alliance as well as the UCS and MBL. All others parties abstained from voting.[5] Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was elected president while Víctor Hugo Cárdenas became Bolivia's first indigenous vice president.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Gonzalo Sánchez de LozadaRevolutionary Nationalist Movement97100.00
Total97100.00
Total votes97–
Registered voters/turnout15761.78
Source: Morales[5]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Coalition consisting of ADN, MIR, PDC, and PCB (ML)

References

  1. ^ Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p133 ISBN 978-0-19-928358-3
  2. ^ Gisbert 2003, p. 174
  3. ^ Gisbert 2003, p. 176
  4. ^ Elections held in 1993 IPU
  5. ^ a b Morales, Walter Q (2003). A brief history of Bolivia. New York: Facts On File. p. 205.

Bibliography


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