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In enzymology, a hydroxynitrilase (EC 4.1.2.37) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acetone cyanohydrin

\rightleftharpoons

cyanide + acetone

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetone cyanohydrin, and two products, cyanide and acetone.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetone-cyanohydrin acetone-lyase (cyanide-forming). Other names in common use include alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase, hydroxynitrile lyase, acetone-cyanhydrin lyase [mis-spelt], acetone-cyanohydrin acetone-lyase, oxynitrilase, 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile acetone-lyase, 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile acetone-lyase (cyanide-forming), and acetone-cyanohydrin lyase.

References

Xu LL, Singh BK, Conn EE (1988). "Purification and characterization of acetone cyanohydrin lyase from Linum usitatissimum". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 263 (2): 256–63. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90634-0. PMID 3377504.
Selmar D, Lieberei R, Biehl B, Conn EE (1989). "alpha-Hydroxynitrile lyase in Hevea brasiliensis and its significance for rapid cyanogenesis". Physiol. Plant. 75: 97–101. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb02069.x.

Carbon–carbon lyases (EC 4.1)
4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases	Acetoacetate decarboxylase Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Arginine decarboxylase Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Lysine decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase Pyruvate decarboxylase RuBisCO Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Aldolase A Aldolase B Aldolase C 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase Threonine aldolase
4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases	Isocitrate lyase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
4.1.99: Other	Tryptophanase Photolyase CPD lyase Spore photoproduct lyase

Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

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References

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