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A sloboda (Russian: слобода́, IPA: [sləbɐˈda]; Ukrainian: слобода́) was a type of settlement in the history of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The name is derived from the early Slavic word for "freedom" and may be loosely translated as "free settlement".^[1]

History

In the history of Russia, a sloboda was a settlement or a town district of people free of the power of boyars. Often these were settlements of tradesmen and artisans, and were named according to their trade: ямская слобода (yamshchiks' sloboda: Yamskaya sloboda [ru]), smiths' sloboda, etc.^[1]

Often a sloboda was a colonization-type settlement in sparsely populated lands, particularly by Cossacks in Cossack Hetmanate, see "Sloboda Ukraine". Initially, the settlers of such sloboda were freed from various taxes and levies for various reasons, hence the name. Freedom from taxes was an incentive for colonization.^[2]

By the first half of the 18th century, this privilege was abolished, and slobodas became ordinary villages, shtetls, townlets, suburbs.

Some slobodas were suburban settlements, right behind the city wall.^[1] Many of them were subsequently incorporated into cities, and the corresponding toponyms indicate their origin.

The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary relates that by the end of the 19th century a sloboda was a large village with more than one church, a marketplace, and volost administration, or a village-type settlement of industrial character, where the peasants have little involvement in agriculture.^[1]

The term is preserved in names of various settlements and city quarters. Some settlements were named just thus: "Sloboda", "Slobodka" (diminutive form), "Slabodka", "Slobidka" (Ukrainian).

Similar settlements existed in Wallachia and Moldavia, called slobozie or slobozia. The latter term is also the name of the capital city of Ialomița County, Slobozia, in modern Romania.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Sloboda", Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890–1906)
^ "Selitba" (Settlementing), Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890–1906)

[efron-1] "Sloboda", Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890–1906)

[2] "Selitba" (Settlementing), Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890–1906)

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Former type of settlement in East Slavic Eastern Europe}}
+<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Sloboda (settlement)|2=Talk:Sloboda#Requested move 22 May 2024}}
+</noinclude>{{expand Russian|date=June 2023}}
 {{Other uses}}
-[[File:Nemetskaya.jpg|thumb|[[German Sloboda]] in 17th-century [[Moscow]]]]
-'''Sloboda''' ({{lang-rus|слобода́}}), was a kind of settlement in the history of [[Russia]], [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]]. The name is derived from the early Slavic word for "[[liberty|freedom]]" and may be vaguely translated as "free settlement".<ref name=efron>[http://www.vehi.net/brokgauz/all/094/94755.shtml "Sloboda"], [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] (1890-1906) {{ru icon}}</ref> In modern Russia, the term is used to denote a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|type of a rural locality]] and is used in [[Kursk Oblast|Kursk]], [[Lipetsk Oblast|Lipetsk]], [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Oryol Oblast|Oryol]], [[Rostov Oblast|Rostov]], [[Ryazan Oblast|Ryazan]], [[Tula Oblast|Tula]], and [[Voronezh Oblast]]s.
+A '''sloboda''' ({{lang-ru|слобода́}}, {{IPA-ru|sləbɐˈda|IPA}}; {{lang-ua|слобода́|p=sləbɐˈda}}) was a type of settlement in the history of [[Belarus]], [[Russia]] and [[Ukraine]]. The name is derived from the early Slavic word for "[[liberty|freedom]]" and may be loosely translated as "free settlement".<ref name="efron">[http://www.vehi.net/brokgauz/all/094/94755.shtml "Sloboda"], ''[[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]]'' (1890–1906)</ref>
 ==History==
+In the history of Russia, a ''sloboda'' was a settlement or a town district of people free of the power of [[boyar]]s. Often these were settlements of tradesmen and artisans, and were named according to their trade:  ямская слобода (''[[yamshchik]]s' '' sloboda: {{ill|Yamskaya sloboda|ru|Ямская слобода}}), [[metalsmith|smith]]s' sloboda, etc.<ref name="efron"/>
-Often a ''sloboda'' was a colonization-type settlement in sparsely populated lands, particularly by [[Cossacks]] in [[Cossack Hetmanate]], see "[[Sloboda Ukraine]]". Initially the settlers of such ''sloboda'' were freed from various taxes and levies for various reasons, hence the name. Freedom from taxes was an incentive for [[colonization]].<ref>[http://www.vehi.net/brokgauz/all/092/92279.shtml "Selitba" (Settlementing)], [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] (1890-1906) {{ru icon}}</ref>
+Often a ''sloboda'' was a colonization-type settlement in sparsely populated lands, particularly by [[Cossacks]] in [[Cossack Hetmanate]], see "[[Sloboda Ukraine]]". Initially, the settlers of such ''sloboda'' were freed from various taxes and levies for various reasons, hence the name. Freedom from taxes was an incentive for [[colonization]].<ref>[http://www.vehi.net/brokgauz/all/092/92279.shtml "Selitba" (Settlementing)], ''[[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]]'' (1890–1906) </ref>
-By the first half of the 18th century this privilege was abolished, and ''slobodas'' became ordinary [[village]]s, ''[[shtetl]]s'', [[townlet (p.g.t.)|townlet]]s, suburbs.
+By the first half of the 18th century, this privilege was abolished, and ''slobodas'' became ordinary [[village]]s, ''[[shtetl]]s'', [[townlet (p.g.t.)|townlet]]s, suburbs.
-Some ''slobodas'' were suburban settlements, right behind the city wall.<ref name=efron/> Many of them were subsequently incorporated into cities, and the corresponding [[toponym]]s indicate their origin, such as Ogorodnaya Sloboda Lane, [[Moscow]] ([[:ru:Переулок Огородная Слобода]]).<!-- please replace with a more famous "sloboda" -->
+Some ''slobodas'' were suburban settlements, right behind the city wall.<ref name=efron/> Many of them were subsequently incorporated into cities, and the corresponding [[toponym]]s indicate their origin.
-The [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] writes that by the end of the 19th century a sloboda was a large village with more than one church, a marketplace, and ''[[volost]]'' administration, or a village-type settlement of industrial character, where the peasants have little involvement in [[agriculture]].<ref name=efron/>
+The ''[[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]]'' relates that by the end of the 19th century a sloboda was a large village with more than one church, a marketplace, and ''[[volost]]'' administration, or a village-type settlement of industrial character, where the peasants have little involvement in [[agriculture]].<ref name=efron/>
 The term is preserved in names of various settlements and city quarters. Some settlements were named just thus: "Sloboda", "Slobodka" (diminutive form), "Slabodka", "Slobidka" ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]).
-Similar settlements existed in [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldavia]], called ''slobozie'' or ''slobozia''. The latter term is also the name of [[Slobozia|the capital city]] of [[Ialomiţa County]] in modern [[Romania]], located in the historical region of Wallachia.
+Similar settlements existed in [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldavia]], called ''slobozie'' or ''slobozia''. The latter term is also the name of the capital city of [[Ialomița County]], [[Slobozia]], in modern [[Romania]].
 ==See also==
 *[[Wola (settlement)]], a similar concept in Polish history
 *[[Lhota]], a similar concept in Czech history
+*[[Royal free city]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 25: / Line 30: @@
 [[Category:Types of populated places]]
-[[Category:History of Ukraine]]
+[[Category:Cossack Hetmanate]]
 [[Category:Geography of Russia]]
 [[Category:Geography of Romania]]
-[[Category:Geography of Ukraine]]
+[[Category:Geographic history of Ukraine]]

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Revision as of 23:47, 22 May 2024

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References

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