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| house = [[Ottoman dynasty|House of Osman]]
| house = [[Ottoman dynasty|House of Osman]]
| father = [[Orhan]]
| father = [[Orhan]]
| mother = [[Orhan#Consorts|Efendize Hatun]]
| mother = [[Orhan#Consorts|Nilüfer Hatun]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
}}
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He played a major role in early Ottoman expansion into [[Thrace]] in the 1350s. He was Orhan's eldest son and his favorite and, until his death due to a hunting accident, his heir presumptive.<ref name=":1" />
He played a major role in early Ottoman expansion into [[Thrace]] in the 1350s. He was Orhan's eldest son and his favorite and, until his death due to a hunting accident, his heir presumptive.<ref name=":1" />


== Motherhood ==
== Family ==
Gazi Süleyman Pasha is known to have had two marriages: one with Selçuk Hatun, daughter of Seyyid Hüseyin Çelebi, and another with Gülbahar Hatun, daughter of İsfendiyar's son "Kötürüm Bayezid." From these marriages, he had three sons named İshak, Melik Nasır, and İsmail, and two daughters named Sultan Hatun and Eftendize Hatun.
Traditional Ottoman historiography wrote that Süleyman Pasha's mother was [[Nilüfer Hatun]], who was also the mother of [[Murad I]].{{sfn|Alderson|1956|p=165}} This has been refuted by modern historiography:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kafadar |first=Cemal |title=Between two worlds: the construction of the Ottoman state |date=2002 |publisher=Univ. of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20600-7 |edition=Nachdr. |location=Berkeley, Calif. |pages=18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Imber |first=Colin |title=The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: the structure of power |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-57450-2 |edition= |location=Basingstoke New York |pages=8}}</ref> Süleyman's mother was actually the consort [[Orhan#Consorts|Efendize Hatun]], while Nilüfer entered the [[Ottoman Imperial Harem|harem]] in 1325, twenty years after Süleyman's birth.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=NİLÜFER HATUN |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/nilufer-hatun |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Efendize was Orhan's cousin, the daughter of his uncle [[Gündüz Alp#Son of Ertuğrul|Gündüz Bey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAL HATUN |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mal-hatun |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref>

Melik Nasır drowned at sea during the Akça Liman campaign near Bolayır, in which he participated under the command of Ece Bey, along with his brothers. İshak and İsmail continued to serve as raider lords in Rumelia. Sultan Hatun was married to Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha. She passed away in June 1395 and was buried in Sinop in a tomb known as "Sultan Hatun" or "Aynalı Kadın." Eftendize Hatun passed away in July 1397 in Akşehir and was buried in the graveyard of İmaret Mosque.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
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He is also remembered for his religious and charitable constructions in the territories he administered: he built [[Mosque|mosques]], [[Madrasa|madrasas]], [[Caravanserai|caravanserais]] and schools in Bursa, [[Göynük]], [[Geyve]], [[Akyazı]], İzmit, İznik and [[Gelibolu]].<ref name=":3" />
He is also remembered for his religious and charitable constructions in the territories he administered: he built [[Mosque|mosques]], [[Madrasa|madrasas]], [[Caravanserai|caravanserais]] and schools in Bursa, [[Göynük]], [[Geyve]], [[Akyazı]], İzmit, İznik and [[Gelibolu]].<ref name=":3" />


== Family ==


=== Consorts ===
=== Consorts ===

Revision as of 12:55, 24 May 2024

For other uses, see Suleiman Pasha (disambiguation).
In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Süleyman, the title is Pasha, and there is no family name.

Ghazi Süleyman Pasha (1306[1] – 1357) was an Ottoman prince, son of Sultan Orhan.

He played a major role in early Ottoman expansion into Thrace in the 1350s. He was Orhan's eldest son and his favorite and, until his death due to a hunting accident, his heir presumptive.[1]

Family

Gazi Süleyman Pasha is known to have had two marriages: one with Selçuk Hatun, daughter of Seyyid Hüseyin Çelebi, and another with Gülbahar Hatun, daughter of İsfendiyar's son "Kötürüm Bayezid." From these marriages, he had three sons named İshak, Melik Nasır, and İsmail, and two daughters named Sultan Hatun and Eftendize Hatun.

Melik Nasır drowned at sea during the Akça Liman campaign near Bolayır, in which he participated under the command of Ece Bey, along with his brothers. İshak and İsmail continued to serve as raider lords in Rumelia. Sultan Hatun was married to Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha. She passed away in June 1395 and was buried in Sinop in a tomb known as "Sultan Hatun" or "Aynalı Kadın." Eftendize Hatun passed away in July 1397 in Akşehir and was buried in the graveyard of İmaret Mosque.

Biography

Süleyman Pasha was a great warrior, so much so that he deserved the title Ghazi.[2][3]

He was one of Orhan's main generals, especially in Thrace, and became known as the "Conqueror of Rumelia".[2][3]

He conquered Iznik (Nicaea) in 1331, Karesioğulları in 1335, and Izmit (Nicomedia) in 1337. His father appointed him governor of all his conquests. Between 1349 and 1354 he conquered Gallipoli and its region. He failed in the siege of Sofia, but he killed its governor Ivan Asen, son of tsar Ivan Alexander.[2][3]

In 1355 he crossed the Dardanelles and conquered parts of Rumelia, where he created a nucleus of Ottoman settlements which were then exploited as a base for future conquests. In the same year, he killed a second son of Ivan Alexander, Michael.[2][3]

He died in 1357, due to a fall from his horse while hunting with falcon between Bolayır and Seydikavağı.[4] His father had him buried in Bolayır, even though Süleyman had already had a mausoleum built in Yenişehir, near Bursa.[4]

He is also remembered for his religious and charitable constructions in the territories he administered: he built mosques, madrasas, caravanserais and schools in Bursa, Göynük, Geyve, Akyazı, İzmit, İznik and Gelibolu.[3]


Consorts

Süleyman Pasha had two known consorts:[5]

  • Selçuk Hatun, daughter of Seyyid Hüseyin Çelebi.
  • Gülbahar Hatun, daughter of Kötürüm Bayezid.

Sons

Süleyman Pasha had at least three sons:[5]

  • Ishak Bey, Rumelia's bey.
  • Melik Nasir Bey, drowned in the sea near Bolayır.
  • Ismail Bey, Rumelia's bey.

Daughters

Süleyman Pasha had at least two daughters:[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
  2. ^ a b c d Finkel, Caroline (2007). Osman's dream: the story of the Ottoman Empire 1300 - 1923. New York: Basic Books. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Süleyman Ghazi" (PDF). web.archive.org. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
  4. ^ a b Lowry, Heath W. (2003). The nature of the early Ottoman state. SUNY series in the social and economic history of the Middle East. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7914-5635-4.
  5. ^ a b c "Gazi Süleyman Pasha" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-03.

Bibliography

  • Alderson, Anthony Dolphin (1956). The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.
  • Finkel, Caroline (2005). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7.
  • Imber, Colin (2009). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power (2 ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-57451-9.
  • Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7.
  • Lowry, Heath (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-5636-6.
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