Flame Azalea – Rhododendron calendulaceum

by | Dec 19, 2023 | Azalea

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HIOC is a small-molecule agent which acts as a selective TrkB receptor agonist (active at at least 100 nM; prominent activation at 500 nM).[1][2][3] It was derived from N-acetylserotonin (NAS).[2][3][4] Relative to NAS, HIOC possesses greater potency and a longer half-life (~30 min or less for NAS in rats, while HIOC is still detectable up to 24 hours after administration to mice; ~4 hour half-life for HIOC in mouse brain tissues).[2][3] It is described as producing long-lasting activation of the TrkB receptor and downstream signaling kinases associated with the receptor.[2] HIOC is systemically active and is able to penetrate the blood-brain-barrier.[2] In animal studies, HIOC was found to robustly protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, an action which was TrkB-dependent.[3]

A chemical synthesis of HIOC was published in 2015.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Longo FM, Massa SM (July 2013). "Small-molecule modulation of neurotrophin receptors: a strategy for the treatment of neurological disease". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 12 (7): 507–525. doi:10.1038/nrd4024. PMID 23977697. S2CID 33597483.
  2. ^ a b c d e Iuvone PM, Boatright JH, Tosini G, Ye K (2014). "N-Acetylserotonin: Circadian Activation of the BDNF Receptor and Neuroprotection in the Retina and Brain". Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 801. pp. 765–771. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_96. ISBN 978-1-4614-3208-1. PMC 4069859. PMID 24664769.
  3. ^ a b c d Shen J, Ghai K, Sompol P, Liu X, Cao X, Iuvone PM, Ye K (February 2012). "N-acetyl serotonin derivatives as potent neuroprotectants for retinas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (9): 3540–3545. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.3540S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1119201109. PMC 3295250. PMID 22331903.
  4. ^ Tosini G, Ye K, Iuvone PM (December 2012). "N-acetylserotonin: neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and the sleepy brain". The Neuroscientist. 18 (6): 645–653. doi:10.1177/1073858412446634. PMC 3422380. PMID 22585341.
  5. ^ Setterholm NA, McDonald FE, Boatright JH, Iuvone PM (June 2015). "Gram-scale, chemoselective synthesis of N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC)". Tetrahedron Letters. 56 (23): 3413–3415. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.167. PMC 4445863. PMID 26028783.


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