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Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are 2 dialects, namely Lami dialect which is spoken on Miangas, Nanusa Islands, and Esang in the northern part of Karakelang Island; Tirawata dialect is used in Lirung, Kabaruan, and the southern part of Karakelang Island.[2]
Miangas is actually a subdialect, but more different from its main dialect, Lami.[2]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | (c) | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||
| affricate | tʃ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Fricative | β | s | ʐ | ʃ | ɣ | h | |
| Rhotic | trill | r | |||||
| tap | ɾ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Approximant | w | ||||||
- /tʃ/ can be heard as a palatal stop [c], depending on the dialect.
- The velar fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be pronounced as voiceless [x].[3]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
References
- ^ Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ^ Utsumi 2016.
Further reading
- Bawole, G. (1981). Struktur Bahasa Talaud (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departmen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan – via Laboratorium Kebinekaan Bahasa dan Sastra.
- Utsumi, Atsuko (2013). "Talaud Verbs: Paradigm of Basic Verbs". Tokyo University Linguistic Papers. 33: 319–361. doi:10.15083/00027520.
- Utsumi, Atsuko (2016). "A Dialectal Study of Talaud: Dialectal Classification and a Comparative Word List". Bulletin of Meisei University. Department of Japanese and Comparative Culture, School of Humanities. 24: 163(37)–135(70).
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