Marshal of Italy (Italian: Maresciallo d'Italia) was a rank in the Royal Italian Army (Regio Esercito). Originally created in 1924 by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini for the purpose of honoring generals Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz, the rank was granted to several other general officers from 1926 to 1943. The rank was the highest in the Italian Army prior to the creation of the rank of First Marshal of the Empire in 1938. The rank of Marshal of Italy was abolished in 1946 with the creation of the Italian Republic. The equivalent Royal Navy (Regia Marina) rank was Grand admiral (Grande Ammiraglio), while the equivalent Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) rank was Marshal of the Air Force (Maresciallo dell'Aria).[1]
The rank was formally abolished on 18 January 1947 by the Provisional Head of State Enrico de Nicola.[2]
List of the Marshals of Italy
| Portrait | Name | Date of promotion | Military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Luigi Cadorna (1850–1928) |
4 November 1924 |  Army
|
|
|
Armando Diaz (1861–1928) |
4 November 1924 | Army
|
|
|
Paolo Thaon di Revel (1859–1948) |
4 November 1924[citation needed] |  Navy
|
|
|
Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta (1869–1931) |
25 June 1926 | Army
|
|
|
Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956) |
25 June 1926 | Army
|
Succeeded Mussolini as Prime Minister in 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime |
|
Enrico Caviglia (1862–1945) |
25 June 1926 | Army
|
|
|
Gaetano Giardino (1864–1935) |
25 June 1926 | Army
|
|
|
Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi (1856–1941) |
25 June 1926 | Army
|
|
|
Italo Balbo (1896–1940) |
13 August 1933 | Air Force
|
Co-leader of the 1922 March on Rome. Marshal of the Royal Italian Air Force; died in 1940 in a friendly fire incident over Tobruk |
|
Emilio De Bono (1866–1944) |
16 November 1935 | Army
|
Co-leader of the 1922 March on Rome |
|
Rodolfo Graziani (1882–1955) |
9 May 1936 | Army
|
After the Armistice of Cassibile, commanded the National Republican Army |
|
Ugo Cavallero (1880–1943) |
1 July 1942 | Army
|
|
|
Ettore Bastico (1876–1972) |
12 August 1942 | Army
|
Governor-General of Italian Libya. Commander-in-chief of Axis forces in the North African campaign; promoted to have rank equal to field marshal Erwin Rommel |
|
Umberto, Prince of Piedmont (1904–1983) |
29 October 1942 | Army
|
Later King Umberto II |
|
Giovanni Messe (1883–1968) |
12 May 1943 | Army
|
Gallery
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Social Republic -
![1945–47[3]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rank_insignia_of_maresciallo_d%27Italia_of_the_Italian_Army_%281945-1947%29.png/50px-Rank_insignia_of_maresciallo_d%27Italia_of_the_Italian_Army_%281945-1947%29.png)
1945–47[3]
![1945–47[3]](https://naturehabitats.org/knowledge-base/clematis/?rdp_we_resource=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ARank_insignia_of_maresciallo_d%2527Italia_of_the_Italian_Army_%281945-1947%29.png)
See also
- Marshal (Italy) – an intermediate rank between sergeants and officers.
- First marshal of the empire
- Italo Balbo – Marshal of the Air Force
- Paolo Thaon di Revel – Grand Admiral
References
- ^ Page Archived 2007-12-23 at the Wayback Machine of the Italian Army (Esercito Italiano) home site - www.esercito.difesa.it.
- ^ "DECRETO LEGISLATIVO DEL CAPO PROVVISORIO DELLO STATO 18 gennaio 1947, n. 66 - Normattiva". www.normattiva.it. Retrieved 2022-04-09.
- ^ "Le Insegne di grado dal 1945 al 1972". esercito.difesa.it (in Italian). Italian Army. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
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