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For other uses, see Floriano Peixoto (disambiguation).
In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Vieira and the second or paternal family name is Peixoto.

Marshal Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed "The Iron Marshal",[1] was a Brazilian military and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War and several other conflicts, and the second president of Brazil.[2] He was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term and is widely considered the most popular brazilian leader in all of brazilian history.

Election

Monument to Marshal Floriano Peixoto, by Eduardo de Sá, in Downtown Rio de Janeiro

Peixoto was an army marshal when elected vice president in February 1891, he gained notoriety throughout his life for his strong abolitionist, anti-racist and anti-corruption stance. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of generalissimo Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble, but his policies successfully put an end to the successive economic crises that had plagued the country since 1889 and in a short period of time the economy stabilized and grew again. As vice president, he had also served as the President of the Senate.[3]

Presidency

His government was marked by several revolutions and immense popular support. Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, with the use of strength during the same year to maintain territorial integrity.

His government was marked by an increased centralization of power, republicanism, patriotism, nationalism, personalismo and for the fervent criticism of monarchy, with the "Florianista" ("Florianismo") cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.[4]

Legacy

He is often referred to as "The Consolidator of the Republic", "The Iron Marshal", "The Man of Steel" or "The Sphinx". He left the presidency on 15 November 1894, with great popularity, support and admiration between the brazilian people (especially the poorest), he was responsible for the consolidation of the First Brazilian Republic.

"Nossa Senhora do Desterro", the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after the defeat of the federalist rebels in the city by marshal Peixoto's troops at the end of the Federalist Revolution.

References

  1. ^ "A República de Ferro". folha online (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  2. ^ Floriano Vieira Peixoto (in Portuguese)
  3. ^ "República Velha (1889 - 1930)". Senado Federal (in Portuguese).
  4. ^ "Florianismo | Atlas Histórico do Brasil - FGV". atlas.fgv.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 19 May 2018.

External links

Media related to Floriano Peixoto at Wikimedia Commons

Political offices
Preceded by President of the Mato Grosso Province
1884–1885 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of War
1890–1891 		Succeeded by
New office Vice President of Brazil
1891 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Brazil
1891–1894 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Minister of the Superior Military Court
1891–1895 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Superior Military Court
1891–1893 		Succeeded by
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