Rock Trumpet – Mandevilla

Bolshoy Cheremshan (Russian: Большой Черемшан, literally Greater Cheremshan, Tatar: Олы Чирмешән) is a river in Russia, a left tributary of the Volga between the Kama and Samara. It is 336 kilometres (209 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 11,500 square kilometres (4,400 sq mi).^[1] It flows southwest to the Volga near Dimitrovgrad. The main inflows are the Bolshaya Sulcha and Maly Cheremshan. The maximal discharge is 1,660 cubic metres per second (59,000 cu ft/s) (1979), and the minimal mineralization is 600-800 mg/l. The riverbed is meandering and the meadows are wide. From around 1650 the Trans-Kama Line of forts ran along or near the Cheremshan.^{[citation needed]}

• "Олы Чирмешән". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.