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This article is about the Protestant missionary to China. For his eldest son, the theologian, see Thomas F. Torrance.

Thomas Torrance (1871–1959) was a Scottish Presbyterian minister[1] and Protestant missionary to Sichuan, western China. He was first sent there by the China Inland Mission (CIM), and later by The American Bible Society. He married Annie Elizabeth Sharpe (1883–1980) of the CIM in 1911. He was the father of the 20th century theologian, Thomas F. Torrance.[2]

Biography

Torrance was born in Shotts, Scotland in 1871. He came from a strong evangelical Church of Scotland background.[3] He attended Hulme Cliff College in Derbyshire from 1892 to 1894, and then studied at Livingstone College, London from 1894 to 1895.[4] After finishing his training at Cliff and Livingstone Colleges for missionary service, he was first sent to Chengdu, Sichuan in 1895, by the China Inland Mission (CIM).[5] Torrance was stationed in Western Sichuan, from 1896 to 1910 as a CIM missionary. While he was there, the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 occurred.

Torrance had a number of disagreements with the CIM and eventually left and returned to Scotland in 1909. In 1910, he met up with Dr. John R. Hykes, head of the American Bible Society (ABS) in China, who was attending the Edinburgh 1910 World Missionary Conference. Hykes persuaded him to return to China to take over the West China agency of the ABS in Sichuan, based in Chengdu.[4][6]

In 1911, Torrance married Annie Elizabeth Sharpe who had also been a member of the CIM, stationed west of Chengdu in Guanxian.[5] From 1912 to 1924, the couple had six children who were all born in China: Mary, Thomas F., Grace, Margaret, James, and David.

Due to unrest caused by Communist troops in the beginning of the Chinese Civil War, the Torrance family left China in 1927 and settled in Scotland for a furlough year.[4][7] Thomas Torrance returned to China in 1928 to continue his missionary work, without his family, for seven years, and left China for the final time in 1934 due to the Chinese Civil War.[8][9]

The first Protestant Christian church built in the Qiang country. Torrance is seen at the door of his room which is on the roof of the church.

Torrance is known for being the first Westerner to conduct research among the Qiang people,[8] [10] who he believed belonged to the Lost Tribes of Israel.[11] He was also instrumental in establishing the Archaeological Museum of West China Union University (now Sichuan University).[5][6] In 2016 an exhibition of Torrance's photographs and other memorabilia was held at Sichuan University in recognition of his historical, archaeological and Qiang research, and his cultural and archaeological contributions to the museum.[10]

He died in Edinburgh in 1959.

Legacy

Thomas and Annie had a legacy of many theologically active members of their descendants. All six of their children were either ministers, or married to Church of Scotland ministers. Other descendants are still involved in ministry, academia, or missionary work.

  • Mary M. Wallace (1912-1988), who married Rev. Ronald S. Wallace (1911 - 2006), Church of Scotland minister from 1940 - 1964, then Professor of Theology.[12]
  • Thomas F. Torrance (1913-2007), Church of Scotland Minister and Theologian
    • Iain Torrance (born 1949) - Church of Scotland Minister and Professor of Theology
  • Grace B. Walker (1915 - 2011), who married Rev. Robert (Bobby) B. W. Walker (1913-2007), a missionary in Malawi.[13][14]
  • Margaret R. MacKenzie (1917-2004), who married Rev. Kenneth MacKenzie (1920-1971), a missionary in central Africa.[15]
  • James B. Torrance (1923-2003)
    • Alan Torrance (born 1956), Church of Scotland minister since 1984, and now professor of Systematic Theology at St Mary's College, St Andrews University
  • David W. Torrance (born 1924), Church of Scotland minister from 1955 until 1991.[16]
    • David J. Torrance (1962-2023), Church of Scotland minister from 1993 - 2023.[17][18]

See also

References

  1. ^ "China Tribute to Scottish Missionary"
  2. ^ "What Scientists Get, and Theologians Don't, About Thomas F. Torrance". First Things. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  3. ^ "Biography of Thomas Forsyth Torrance, by Elmer Colyer, used by permission of InterVarsity Press". www.tftorrance.org. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  4. ^ a b c Smalley, Martha Lund; Duffy, Joan R. "Guide to the Thomas T. Torrance Papers". hdl:10079/fa/divinity.016. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  5. ^ a b c Torrance, Thomas F. "Thomas Torrance (1871—1959)". Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  6. ^ a b Crouch, Archie R. (1989-01-01). Christianity in China: A Scholars's Guide to Resources in the Libraries and Archives of the United States. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780873324199.
  7. ^ "Childhood Years | The T. F. Torrance Theological Fellowship". tftorrance.org. Retrieved 2024-07-01.
  8. ^ a b Torrance, Thomas F. (1998). "Torrance, Thomas". In Anderson, Gerald H. (ed.). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 675. ISBN 978-0-802-84680-8.
  9. ^ "Guide to the Thomas T. Torrance Papers". Yale University Divinity School Library. Yale University. 2014. hdl:10079/fa/divinity.016. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  10. ^ a b Meakin, Rachel (2023). Thomas Torrance, China and the Qiang. Handsel Press. pp. 101ff. ISBN 978-1-912052-80-6.
  11. ^ Torrance, Thomas (1937). China's First Missionaries: Ancient Israelites. London: Thynne & Co.
  12. ^ "A Tribute to the Family Torrance". Pilgrim Pathways: Notes for a Diaspora People. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  13. ^ "Grace Walker Obituary (2011) - Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh - Edinburgh News". Legacy.com. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  14. ^ Toop, Ken (2007-11-11). "Robert Bernard William Walker". BMJ : British Medical Journal. 335 (7627): 999. doi:10.1136/bmj.39364.712060.BE. PMC 2071979.
  15. ^ "Family Announcements, MACKENZIE - Deaths - Press And Journal Announcements". ajl.myfamilyannouncements.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  16. ^ "David Torrance, the Reluctant Minister (1924-) « A Donald MacLeod". adonaldmacleod.com. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  17. ^ "David J. Torrance | The T. F. Torrance Theological Fellowship". tftorrance.org. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  18. ^ David Torrance Tribute Newsletter. Pencaitland Parish Church. 2003. p. 2.
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