Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO4·xH2O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO4·H2O, but two other forms are known CdSO4·8⁄3H2O and the anhydrous salt (CdSO4). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.
Structure, preparation, and occurrence
X-ray crystallography shows that CdSO4·H2O is a typical coordination polymer. Each Cd2+ center has octahedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by four oxygen centers provided by four sulfate ligands and two oxygen centers from the bridging water ligands.[5]
Cadmium sulfate hydrate can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:
- CdO + H2SO4 → CdSO4 + H2O
- Cd + H2SO4 → CdSO4 + H2
The anhydrous material can be prepared using sodium persulfate:[citation needed]
- Cd + Na2S2O8 → CdSO4 + Na2SO4
Cadmium sulfates occur as the following rare minerals drobecite (CdSO4·4H2O), voudourisite (monohydrate), and lazaridisite (the 8/3-hydrate).
Applications
Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits. It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as cadmium sulfide. It is also used for electrolyte in a Weston standard cell as well as a pigment in fluorescent screens.
References
- ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
- ^ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A21. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
- ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0087". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Aurivillius, Karin; Stålhandske, Claes (1980). "A Reinvestigation of the Crystal Structures of HgSO4 and CdSO4". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 153 (1–2): 121–129. Bibcode:1980ZK....153..121A. doi:10.1524/zkri.1980.0011.
- ^ Theppitak, C.; Chainok, K. (2015). "Crystal Structure of CdSO4(H2O): A Redetermination"". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 71 (10): i8–pi9. doi:10.1107/S2056989015016904. PMC 4647421. PMID 26594423.
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