Pentanal (also called valeraldehyde) is the organic compound with molecular formula C4H9CHO. Classified as an alkyl aldehyde, it is a colorless volatile liquid. Its odor is described as fermented, bready, fruity, nutty, berry.[4]
Production
Pentanal is obtained by hydroformylation of butene. Also C4 mixtures can be used as starting material like the so-called raffinate II, which is produced by steam cracking and contains (Z)- and (E)-2-butene, 1-butene, butane and isobutane. The conversion to the product is accomplished with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a rhodium-bisphosphite complex and a sterically hindered secondary amine with a selectivity toward pentanal of at least 90%.[5]
Use
Pentanal undergoes the reactions characteristic of any alkyl aldehyde, i.e., oxidations, condensations, and reductions. 2-Octanone, produced for use in the fragrance industry, is obtained by the condensation of acetone and pentanal, followed by hydrogenation of the alkene.[6]
2-Propyl-2-heptenal is obtained from pentanal by aldol condensation, which is hydrogenated to the saturated branched 2-propylheptanol. This alcohol serves as a starting material for the PVC plasticizer di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP).
Pentanal (valeraldehyde) is oxidized to give valeric acid.[7]
References
- ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9813.
- ^ n-Valeraldehyde at chemicalland21.com
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0652". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "Valeraldehyde, 110-62-3".
- ^ Patent WO 2009/146985 der Evonik Oxeno GmbH.
- ^ Siegel, Hardo; Eggersdorfer, Manfred (2000). "Ketones". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_077. ISBN 9783527306732.
- ^ Riemenschneider, Wilhelm (2002). "Carboxylic Acids, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_235. ISBN 978-3527306732.
Recent Comments