F o o d
A portal dedicated to food and foodways
Introduction
Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin and contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth. Different species of animals have different feeding behaviours that satisfy the needs of their metabolisms and have evolved to fill a specific ecological niche within specific geographical contexts.
Omnivorous humans are highly adaptable and have adapted to obtain food in many different ecosystems. Humans generally use cooking to prepare food for consumption. The majority of the food energy required is supplied by the industrial food industry, which produces food through intensive agriculture and distributes it through complex food processing and food distribution systems. This system of conventional agriculture relies heavily on fossil fuels, which means that the food and agricultural systems are one of the major contributors to climate change, accounting for as much as 37% of total greenhouse gas emissions. (Full article...)
Cooking, also known as cookery or professionally as the culinary arts, is the art, science and craft of using heat to make food more palatable, digestible, nutritious, or safe. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling food over an open fire, to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting local conditions. Cooking is an aspect of all human societies and a cultural universal.
Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans. Archeological evidence of cooking fires from at least 300,000 years ago exists, but some estimate that humans started cooking up to 2 million years ago.
The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade, and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients. New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling of water, expanded cooking techniques. Some modern cooks apply advanced scientific techniques to food preparation to further enhance the flavor of the dish served. (Full article...)
Elizabeth David, the British cookery writer, published eight books in the 34 years between 1950 and 1984; the last was issued eight years before her death. After David's death, her literary executor, Jill Norman, supervised the publication of eight more books, drawing on David's unpublished manuscripts and research and on her published writings for books and magazines.
David's first five books, particularly the earlier works, contained recipes interspersed with literary quotation and descriptions of people and places that inspired her. By the time of her third book, Italian Food, David had begun to add sections about the history of the cuisine and the particular dishes that she wrote about. Her interest in the history of cooking led her in her later years to research the history of spices, baking, and ice. (Full article...)
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Soba (そば or 蕎麦, "buckwheat") are Japanese noodles made primarily from buckwheat flour, with a small amount of wheat flour mixed in. It has an ashen brown color, and a slightly grainy texture. The noodles are served either chilled with a dipping sauce, or hot in a noodle soup. They are used in a wide variety of dishes.
In Japan, soba noodles can be found at fast food venues to expensive specialty restaurants. Dried soba noodles are sold in stores, along with men-tsuyu, or instant noodle broth, to make home preparation easy. (Full article...)Selected cuisine -
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Chili peppers, also spelled chile or chilli (from Classical Nahuatl chīlli [ˈt͡ʃiːlːi] ), are varieties of the berry-fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade family Solanaceae, cultivated for their pungency. Chili peppers are widely used in many cuisines as a spice to add "heat" to dishes. Capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids are the substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically. Chili peppers exhibit a range of heat and flavors. This diversity is the reason behind the availability of different types of paprika and chili powder, each offering its own taste and heat level.
Chili peppers are believed to have originated in Central or South America and were first cultivated in Mexico. European explorers brought chili peppers back to the Old World in the late 16th century as part of the Columbian Exchange, which led to many cultivars spreading around the world and finding use in both food and traditional medicine. This led to a variety of cultivars, including the annuum species, with its glabriusculum variety and New Mexico cultivar group, and the species of baccatum, chinense, frutescens, and pubescens. (Full article...)
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Cornbread is a quick bread made with cornmeal, associated with the cuisine of the Southern United States, with origins in Native American cuisine. It is an example of batter bread. Dumplings and pancakes made with finely ground cornmeal are staple foods of the Hopi people in Arizona. The Hidatsa people of the Upper Midwest call baked cornbread naktsi. Cherokee and Seneca tribes enrich the basic batter, adding chestnuts, sunflower seeds, apples, or berries, and sometimes combine it with beans or potatoes. Modern versions of cornbread are usually leavened by baking powder. (Full article...)
Sweet Cornbread is a variant of the Skillet Cornbread made throughout the Southern United States.
Maria Eliza Rundell (née Ketelby; 1745 – 16 December 1828) was an English writer. Little is known about most of her life, but in 1805, when she was over 60, she sent an unedited collection of recipes and household advice to John Murray, of whose family—owners of the John Murray publishing house—she was a friend. She asked for, and expected, no payment or royalties.
Murray published the work, A New System of Domestic Cookery, in November 1805. It was a huge success and several editions followed; the book sold around half a million copies in Rundell's lifetime. The book was aimed at middle-class housewives. In addition to dealing with food preparation, it offers advice on medical remedies and how to set up a home brewery and includes a section entitled "Directions to Servants". The book contains an early recipe for tomato sauce—possibly the first—and the first recipe in print for Scotch eggs. Rundell also advises readers on being economical with their food and avoiding waste. (Full article...)Selected image –
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B. 10 August 1814 – d. 7 July 1890
Henri Nestlé (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi nɛsle]; born Heinrich Nestle, German: [ˈhaɪnrɪç ˈnɛstlə]; 10 August 1814 – 7 July 1890) was a German-Swiss confectioner and the founder of Nestlé, the world's largest food and beverage company. (Full article...)
Did you know (auto-generated) –
- ... that Jean Webster daily served hundreds of people free food directly out of her home kitchen for over a decade?
- ... that environmental activist Nigel Savage created Hazon after googling "Jewish food movement" and receiving zero search results?
- ... that the Unitized Group Ration – Express is designed to heat food itself without the need of a field kitchen?
- ... that a British supermarket uses barriers to prevent shoppers grabbing food with yellow discount stickers out of the hands of staff?
- ... that food stylist Susan Spungen estimated that she baked hundreds of pies with Josh Brolin and film staff while practicing for a scene in Labor Day?
- ... that the Ni'isjoohl totem pole was once fed a diet of vacuum-packed food?
More did you know –
Related portals
Food topics
The following are topics relating to food
Categories
Food list articles
- See also: Lists of foods and Category:Lists of drinks
The following are some Food list articles on Wikipedia:
- American cheeses
- Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée cheeses
- Apple cultivars
- Bacon dishes
- Bacon substitutes
- Basil cultivars
- Breads
- Breakfast beverages
- Breakfast cereals
- Breakfast foods
- British cheeses
- Cakes
- Candies
- Cheeses
- Cheese soups
- Christmas dishes (list)
- Cocktails
- Cookies
- Dishes using coconut milk
- Diets
- Doughnut varieties
- Egg dishes
- Fermented soy products
- Food additives
- Food additives (Codex Alimentarius)
- Foods named after people
- French cheeses
- French dishes
- Fried dough foods
- Fruits
- List of hamburgers
- Herbs and spices
- Hors d'oeuvre
- Indian dishes
- Indian snack foods
- Indonesian dishes
- Italian dishes
- Japanese snacks
- Japanese dishes
- Jewish dishes
- Kebabs
- Korean beverages
- Mango cultivars
- Moroccan dishes
- Pasta
- Pastries
- Philippine snack food
- Pies, tarts and flans
- Poppy seed pastries and dishes
- Potato dishes
- Puddings
- Raw fish dishes
- Rice dishes
- Rolled foods
- Sauces
- Seafood
- Seeds
- Sandwiches
- Snack foods
- Soft drinks by country
- Soul foods and dishes
- Soups
- Stews
- Street foods
- Tapas
- Turkish dishes
- Twice-baked foods
- Vegetable oils
- Vegetables
- Vodkas
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