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Oceanic language in Papua New Guinea
Bola, or Bakovi, is an Oceanic language of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea. The Harua (Xarua) dialect developed on a palm plantation.
Phonology
Phonology of the Bola language:[2]
Labial | Alveolar | Velar | |
---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ |
Plosive | p b | t d | k g |
Fricative | β | (s) | ɣ |
Rhotic | r | ||
Lateral | l |
/t/ is realized as /s, ʃ/ only when occurring in front of /i/. The voiced stops /b d ɡ/ can often sound prenasalized [ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ] among various speakers. /ɣ/ can be pronounced as a glottal fricative [h] among younger speakers.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | u | |
Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Low | ɑ |
/i/ before vowel sounds /ɑ ɛ ɔ u/ is pronounced as a glide sound [j].[3]
References
- ^ Bola at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Wiebe, Brent (August 2004). "Bola (Bola-Bakovi) Language [BNP] East New Britain & West New Britain Province" (PDF). Organised Phonology Data.
- ^ van den Berg & Wiebe (2019)
Further reading
- van den Berg, René; Wiebe, Brent (2019), Bola Grammar Sketch (PDF), Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages, 63, Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics, ISBN 9980-0-4482-9
External links
- Organised Phonology Data
- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Ruth, Jonah, and the New Testament in the Bola language of Papua New Guinea
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Categories
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Annuals36
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Bulbs, Corms & Tubers41
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Ferns27
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Fruits3
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Garden Plants23
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Grasses26
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Herb17
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Insects1
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Mammals1
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Midwest Native Plants0
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Northeast Native Plants112
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Perennials123
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Rose1
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Shrubs47
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Trees112
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Tropical Plants53
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Upland Birds5
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Vines18
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Viola Tricolor1
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Water Gardening & Plants9
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Waterfowl0
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Wetland Birds0
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Wetland Plants4
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Wildbirds172
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Wildflowers1
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Woodland Plants29
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