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by | Mar 12, 2018 | Deciduous Shrubs

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The 1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November.[1] Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.[2]

Season summary

Systems

Depression One

A depression developed on January 9. It cut across northern Ceylon and southern India before dissipating on January 11.[3]

Deep Depression Two

A deep depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on February 18. It moved generally northward and dissipated on February 21.[4]

Severe Cyclonic Storm Three (Winnie)

From May 6–9, the JTWC tracked this system as Tropical Storm Winnie.[5][6] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimated that the storm attained peak one-minute winds of 155 km/h (95 mph).[7]

In East Pakistan, 11,468 people were killed.[8]

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Four

It caused considerable damage in southwestern India.[9]

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Five

Caused considerable damage in East Pakistan, where wind gusts reached 155 km/h (95 mph).[10] A storm surge of 6.4 m (21 ft) was measured in Chittagong. Due advanced warnings, put out an unprecedented 36 hours before the storm, relatively few casualties took place.[7]

Depression Six

Produced torrential rain over northeastern India, with Cherrapunji recording 1,340 mm (53 in) of precipitation over a four-day span.[11]

Severe Cyclonic Storm Seven

A severe cyclonic storm developed in the Arabian Sea on June 21. The system struck western India before dissipating on June 26.[12]

Depression Eight

A depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on June 27. The system struck the state of West Bengal in India and promptly dissipated.[13]

Land Depression Ten

The depression remained around the Gujarat Peninsula for several days, resulting in prolonged rains that amounted to 680 mm (27 in) in Junagadh.[14]

Depression Nine

The ninth depression of the season existed inland over eastern India. It developed on July 1 and dissipated the following day.[15]

Land Depression Eleven

Another land depression briefly existed over western India from July 18 to July 19.[16]

Depression Twelve

The twelfth depression of the season existed from August 27 to August 28.[17]

Deep Depression Thirteen

Deep depression produced heavy rains over a large swath of northern India, with several areas reporting daily totals in excess of 300 mm (12 in).[18]

Cyclonic Storm Fourteen

Heavy rains from the storm caused significant flooding in Vidarbha and Madhya Pradeshes.[19]

Depression Fifteen

The fifteenth depression of the season developed in the northern Bay of Bengal on September 22. It then struck West Bengal before dissipating on September 23.[20]

Deep Depression Sixteen

A deep depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on September 27. The system then moved inland over West Bengal. It meandered inland until dissipating on October 2.[21]

Land Depression Seventeen

Significant flooding resulted from the depression's heavy rains, with 57 fatalities occurring in Uttar Pradesh.[22]

Depression Eighteen

The final depression of the season developed in the Bay of Bengal on October 24. It soon struck the province of East Pakistan in Pakistan and dissipated on the following day.[23]

See also

References

  1. ^ "IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 4 November 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  2. ^ "Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over the North Indian During 2008". India Meteorological Department. January 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 29, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  3. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 1–3. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  4. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 3–5. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  5. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 5–7. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  6. ^ Annual Typhoon Report 1961 (PDF) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 11, 1962. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  7. ^ a b Gordon E. Dunn, United States Weather Bureau (March 1962). "The Tropical Cyclone Problem In East Pakistan" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 90 (3). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 83–86. Bibcode:1962MWRv...90...83D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1962)090<0083:TTCPIE>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  8. ^ Neil L.; Frank S. A. Husain; National Hurricane Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department (June 1971). "The Deadliest Tropical Cyclone in History?". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 52 (6). American Meteorological Society: 438–444. Bibcode:1971BAMS...52..438F. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0438:TDTCIH>2.0.CO;2.
  9. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 7–9. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  10. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 9–10. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  11. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 10–11. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  12. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 11–12. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  13. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 12–13. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  14. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over Saurashtra-Kutch" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 14. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  15. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 13. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  16. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over lower Sindh" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 14–15. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  17. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Arabian Sea" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 15. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  18. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 15–16. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  19. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Cyclonic storm in the Bay" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 17–18. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  20. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 18–19. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  21. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 19–20. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  22. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over central parts of the country" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 20–21. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  23. ^ India Meteorological Department (1961). "Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal" (PDF). India Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 21. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
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